Symmetry (Aug 2022)

Invariants of Bonded Knotoids and Applications to Protein Folding

  • Neslihan Gügümcü,
  • Bostjan Gabrovsek,
  • Louis H. Kauffman

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14081724
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 14, no. 8
p. 1724

Abstract

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In this paper, we study knotoids with extra graphical structure (bonded knotoids) in the settings of rigid vertex and topological vertex graphs. We construct bonded knotoid invariants by applying tangle insertion and unplugging at bonding sites of a bonded knotoid. We demonstrate that our invariants can be used for the analysis of the topological structure of proteins.

Keywords