4-Dimethylaminoantipyrine as a Broad Electrochemical Indicator for Immunosensors Platform
Francielli C. C. Melo,
Renata P. Alves,
Anderson L. Valle,
Fabiana de A. A. Santos,
Ana Carolina S. Dias,
Isabela M. B. Goulart,
Eduardo G. A. Oliveira,
Guedmiller S. Oliveira,
Luciano P. Rodrigues,
Luiz R. Goulart
Affiliations
Francielli C. C. Melo
Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenida Amazonas s/n Bl. 2E, sl. 248, Uberlândia 38402-022, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Renata P. Alves
Biological Science, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Avenida Antônio Baiano, 150, Cidade Nova, Iturama 38280-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Anderson L. Valle
Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenida Amazonas s/n Bl. 2E, sl. 248, Uberlândia 38402-022, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Fabiana de A. A. Santos
Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenida Amazonas s/n Bl. 2E, sl. 248, Uberlândia 38402-022, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Ana Carolina S. Dias
Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenida Amazonas s/n Bl. 2E, sl. 248, Uberlândia 38402-022, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Isabela M. B. Goulart
National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics Hospital, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, R. Capricórnio, 94-Jardim Brasília, Uberlândia 38401-404, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Eduardo G. A. Oliveira
Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenida João Naves de Ávila, 2121, Bloco 5T, sala 204, Uberlândia 38400-902, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Guedmiller S. Oliveira
Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenida João Naves de Ávila, 2121, Bloco 5T, sala 204, Uberlândia 38400-902, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Luciano P. Rodrigues
Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Av. Um, n. 4.050-Cidade Universitária, Janaúba 39447-790, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Luiz R. Goulart
Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenida Amazonas s/n Bl. 2E, sl. 248, Uberlândia 38402-022, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Here, we describe 4-dimethylaminoantipyrine (4-DMAA)-mediated interfacing as a broad biochemical indicator to stabilize and promote the higher response of electrodes for immunological detection. We hypothesized that the improved biological interactions of 4-DMAA with electrodes and biological samples may be due to the interaction properties of the benzene and pyrazole chemical groups with graphite and proteins, respectively. In order to demonstrate that 4-DMAA could be used as a general indicator in electrochemical immunoassays, we used peptides as probes for the diagnosis of four neglected tropical infectious diseases Tegumentary leishmaniasis, Visceral leishmaniasis, Strongyloidiasis, and Leprosy on commercial graphite screen-printed electrodes. 4-DMAA oxidation was used to indicate specific biological recognition between the epitope-based peptide and serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) from infected patients. We demonstrated that 4-DMAA should be incorporated into the electrodes prior to serum application, which avoids interference with its sensitivity and specificity. In addition, 4-DMAA oxidizes at a low anodic potential, and the oxidation peak is useful for detecting proteins in biological fluids. In summary, we have successfully demonstrated the broad application of 4-DMAA as a general indicator for the specific diagnosis of four infectious diseases in electrochemical immunosensors. Such a strategy is quite advantageous for indirect detection of proteins that lack electrochemical activities or are spatially inaccessible on the electrode surface. This new indicator opens a new avenue for monitoring biological recognition, especially for immunosensors.
