Chronic Mercury Exposure and <i>GSTP1</i> Polymorphism in Munduruku Indigenous from Brazilian Amazon
Mayara Calixto da Silva,
Rogério Adas Ayres de Oliveira,
Ana Claudia Santiago de Vasconcellos,
Bruno Hojo Rebouças,
Bruna Duarte Pinto,
Marcelo de Oliveira Lima,
Iracina Maura de Jesus,
Daniel Escorsim Machado,
Sandra Souza Hacon,
Paulo Cesar Basta,
Jamila Alessandra Perini
Affiliations
Mayara Calixto da Silva
Research Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences (LAPESF), State University of Rio de Janeiro (West Zone-UERJ-ZO), Rio de Janeiro 23070-200, Brazil
Rogério Adas Ayres de Oliveira
Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
Ana Claudia Santiago de Vasconcellos
Laboratory of Professional Education in Health Surveillance, Polytechnic School of Health Joaquim Venâcio (EPSJV), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
Bruno Hojo Rebouças
Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
Bruna Duarte Pinto
Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
Marcelo de Oliveira Lima
Environment Section (SEAMB), Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), Health Surveillance Secretariat (SVS), Ministry of Health (MS), Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil
Iracina Maura de Jesus
Environment Section (SEAMB), Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), Health Surveillance Secretariat (SVS), Ministry of Health (MS), Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil
Daniel Escorsim Machado
Research Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences (LAPESF), State University of Rio de Janeiro (West Zone-UERJ-ZO), Rio de Janeiro 23070-200, Brazil
Sandra Souza Hacon
Department of Endemic Diseases Samuel Pessoa, ENSP, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, Brazil
Paulo Cesar Basta
Program of Post-Graduation in Public Health and Environment, National School of Public Health (ENSP), Oswald Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
Jamila Alessandra Perini
Research Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences (LAPESF), State University of Rio de Janeiro (West Zone-UERJ-ZO), Rio de Janeiro 23070-200, Brazil
Genetic polymorphisms may be involved with mercury levels and signs and symptoms of intoxication from this exposure. Therefore, the aims were to describe the frequency of the GSTP1 polymorphism and to evaluate its effects on mercury levels and neurological signs in three Munduruku indigenous villages in the Brazilian Amazon. One-hundred-and-seven indigenous (over 12 years old) were included and genotyped (rs1695) using a TaqMan validated assay. Then, associations were evaluated by binary logistic regression, using odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Mean age was 27.4 ± 13.9 years old, 52.3% were male, mean hair mercury concentration was 8.5 ± 4.3, exceeding the reference limit (≥6.0 µg/g), and were different among the three villages: 13.5 ± 4.6 µg/g in Sawré Aboy, 7.4 ± 2.3 µg/g in Poxo Muybu and 6.9 ± 3.5 µg/g in Sawré Muybu. The minor allele frequency of GSTP1 G was significantly different among the villages: 57% Sawré Muybu, 21% Poxo Muybu and 15% Sawré Aboy. Finally, after adjustment, GSTP1 GG and GA genotypes were associated with lower levels of Hg (OR = 0.13; CI95% = 0.03–0.49) and abnormal somatosensory signs (OR = 3.7; 95%IC = 1.5–9.3), respectively. In conclusion, monitoring this population is imperative to identify individuals at higher risk of developing signs of chronic mercury exposure based on the genetic profile.
