Статистика України (Mar 2024)
R&D Spending: The Methodological Framework for Measurement and Global Tendencies in R&D Financing
Abstract
The article is devoted to vital issues of R&D financing. It is demonstrated that R&D spending is a principle tool of public science & technology and innovation policies, designed to enhance technological independence, sustainable development and national security of countries. Although issues of R&D spending have been subject to research by foreign and domestic scientists and practical economists, the changing global tendencies in the sources of financing by sector, type of R&D, field of science and territory require a further in-depth study. The article contains a review of the main indicators used for analysis of R&D spending according to Frascati Manual laying the methodological ground for statistical data collection and preparation of reports on measurement of resources and results of R&D. Using a standard system of basic definitions and classifications, general approaches to the measurement of resources and results of R&D allows for making correct and reliable international comparisons. The countries that are global leaders in R&D financing were identified. The top position was with the U.S., with the share in the global R&D spending equal to 42.1%. The second position was with China (17.8%) that could outrank EU-27 (17.5%). Crucial global problems and tendencies in R&D investment were highlighted. An analysis and comparison of the main financial indicators of R&D spending for Ukraine and other countries was made. Results of the study confirm that R&D has become a large-scale economic sector requiring the increasing scopes of financial resources every year. The types of efforts implemented by countries leading in R&D investment, to improve institutional schemes for effective R&D financing, are analyzed. Some problems faced by Ukraine are outlined, and recommendations on their solution are proposed.
