International Journal of Nanomedicine (Jan 2021)
Development and Optimization of Terpene-Enriched Vesicles (Terpesomes) for Effective Ocular Delivery of Fenticonazole Nitrate: In vitro Characterization and in vivo Assessment
Abstract
Rofida Albash,1 Abdulaziz Mohsen Al-mahallawi,2 Mariam Hassan,3 Ahmed Adel Alaa-Eldin4 1Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt; 2Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; 3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; 4Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University, Elfayoum, EgyptCorrespondence: Abdulaziz Mohsen Al-mahallawiFaculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562, EgyptTel +201008226524Email [email protected]: The aim of the current study was to load fenticonazole nitrate, a slightly water-soluble antifungal agent, into terpene-enriched phospholipid vesicles (terpesomes) as a potential delivery system for the management of ocular fungal infection.Methods: Thin film hydration method was used to prepare terpesomes according to a 32 full factorial design to inspect the effect of several variables on vesicles’ features. The investigated factors were terpenes type (X1) and terpenes amount (X2) while the dependent responses were encapsulation efficiency percent (Y1), particle size (Y2) and polydispersity index (Y3). Design Expert® program was used to chose the best achieved formula. The selected terpesomes were further optimized via incorporation of a positive charge inducer (stearylamine) to enhance adhesion to the negatively charged mucus covering the eye surface. The in vivo performance of the optimized fenticonazole nitrate-loaded terpesomes relative to drug suspension was evaluated by measuring the antifungal activity (against Candida albicans) retained in the tear’s fluid at different time intervals after ocular application in albino rabbits.Results: The optimized terpesomes showed spherical vesicles with entrapment efficiency of 79.02± 2.35%, particle size of 287.25± 9.55 nm, polydispersity index of 0.46± 0.01 and zeta potential of 36.15± 1.06 mV. The in vivo study demonstrated significantly higher ocular retention of the optimized fenticonazole nitrate-loaded terpesomes relative to the drug suspension. Moreover, the histopathological studies proved the safety and biocompatibility of the prepared terpesomes.Conclusion: The obtained results verified the potential of the terpesomes for safe and effective ocular delivery of fenticonazole nitrate.Keywords: fenticonazole nitrate, histopathological study, ocular drug delivery, microbiological study, terpesomes
