Interaction of cannabis cultural use and health: A case of acute myocardial infarction following consumption of cannabis beverage (Bhang)

Abstract

Cannabis is a psychoactive substance consumed worldwide in the form of smoking, vapors, food additives, or beverages. Delta 9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a primary component responsible for short and long-term effects on various cognitive and motor functions in a dose-dependent manner. The legal status of cannabis has shifted significantly in recent decades. Some regions maintain strict penalties, but others have legalized them for medicinal use. In India, the use of cannabis in any form is illegal; however, the use of bhang, a cannabis beverage made from leaves, is acceptable due to cultural reasons and thus permitted in some places. We report the case of a 28-year-old male who developed massive anterior wall myocardial infarction after consuming bhang during the Holi festival. He presented with sudden retrosternal chest pain, which was initially ignored till it intensified enough, prompting him to seek emergency medical help approximately 24 hours after symptom onset. Cannabis intoxication impaired attention and information processing, leading to delayed presentation. The patient was managed successfully by timely cardiac intervention. The evolving landscape of cannabis regulations necessitates heightened awareness among health authorities about potential cardiovascular risks associated with its consumption, particularly in forms like Bhang, where concentrations are unregulated and variable.

Keywords

• Cannabis
• Recreational
• Anterior wall MI
• Bhang
• Cannabis Beverage