Frontiers in Public Health (Dec 2021)
Considerations for the Safe Operation of Schools During the Coronavirus Pandemic
- Ronan Lordan,
- Samantha Prior,
- Elizabeth Hennessy,
- Amruta Naik,
- Soumita Ghosh,
- Georgios K. Paschos,
- Carsten Skarke,
- Kayla Barekat,
- Taylor Hollingsworth,
- Sydney Juska,
- Liudmila L. Mazaleuskaya,
- Sarah Teegarden,
- Abigail L. Glascock,
- Abigail L. Glascock,
- Sean Anderson,
- Hu Meng,
- Soon-Yew Tang,
- Aalim Weljie,
- Aalim Weljie,
- Lisa Bottalico,
- Lisa Bottalico,
- Emanuela Ricciotti,
- Emanuela Ricciotti,
- Perla Cherfane,
- Antonijo Mrcela,
- Gregory Grant,
- Gregory Grant,
- Kristen Poole,
- Natalie Mayer,
- Michael Waring,
- Laura Adang,
- Julie Becker,
- Susanne Fries,
- Garret A. FitzGerald,
- Garret A. FitzGerald,
- Tilo Grosser,
- Tilo Grosser
Affiliations
- Ronan Lordan
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Samantha Prior
- Faculty of Science & Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Elizabeth Hennessy
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Amruta Naik
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Soumita Ghosh
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Georgios K. Paschos
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Carsten Skarke
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Kayla Barekat
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Taylor Hollingsworth
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Sydney Juska
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Liudmila L. Mazaleuskaya
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Sarah Teegarden
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Abigail L. Glascock
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Abigail L. Glascock
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Sean Anderson
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Hu Meng
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Soon-Yew Tang
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Aalim Weljie
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Aalim Weljie
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Lisa Bottalico
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Lisa Bottalico
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Emanuela Ricciotti
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Emanuela Ricciotti
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Perla Cherfane
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Antonijo Mrcela
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Gregory Grant
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Gregory Grant
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Kristen Poole
- Department of English, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
- Natalie Mayer
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Michael Waring
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Laura Adang
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Julie Becker
- 0Division of Public Health, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Susanne Fries
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Garret A. FitzGerald
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Garret A. FitzGerald
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Tilo Grosser
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Tilo Grosser
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.751451
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 9
Abstract
During the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, providing safe in-person schooling has been a dynamic process balancing evolving community disease burden, scientific information, and local regulatory requirements with the mandate for education. Considerations include the health risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its post-acute sequelae, the impact of remote learning or periods of quarantine on education and well-being of children, and the contribution of schools to viral circulation in the community. The risk for infections that may occur within schools is related to the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections within the local community. Thus, persistent suppression of viral circulation in the community through effective public health measures including vaccination is critical to in-person schooling. Evidence suggests that the likelihood of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 within schools can be minimized if mitigation strategies are rationally combined. This article reviews evidence-based approaches and practices for the continual operation of in-person schooling.
Keywords
- COVID-19
- SARS-CoV-2
- education
- vaccination
- post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC)
- pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS)