Genotyping Of Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli In Offa, Kwara State

Abstract

Background: There has been an increase in the occurrence of infections due to Extended Spectrum Beta lactamases (ESBL) producing bacteria. ESBLs exhibit an enhanced capacity to hydrolyze the extended spectrum Beta-lactams, which has led to an increase in the antibiotic resistance capability of uropathogenic microorganisms. This study was aimed at determining the production of beta lactamase and extraction of beta lactamase genes from urinary tract infection due to Escherichia coli. Methods: Plasmid curing was carried out using sub inhibitory concentration of 0.10 mg/ml of acridine orange to determine the location (plasmid-borne or chromosomal) of the drug resistance marker(s). Beta-lactamase test was performed using the Starch Paper Method, while DNA extraction, genomic gene analysis and polymerase chain reaction were done to determine the presence and analysis of beta lactamase genes. Results: Ninety-eight (98) Escherichia coli isolates analyzed, thirty-one (31) were plasmid mediated and of this, Sixteen (16) was resistant to amoxillin, six (6) to augmentin, three (3) to nitrofurantoin and six (6) to tetracycline. Results further revealed that out of the E. coli isolates that were plasmid mediated only nine (9) were beta lactamase producers. None of the ESBL producing E. coli contained SHV beta-lactamase genes. However, three (3) and five (5) strains of ESBL producing E. coli contained TEM and CTX-M beta-lactamase genes respectively. Conclusion: This study shows that the resistant of urinary tract infection (UTI) isolates to beta-lactams were due to production of TEM and CTX-M beta-lactamases. Identification of these genes provides for accurate treatment and further understanding of the mechanism of resistance. Key Words: Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase, Escherichia coli, Antibiotics, Plasmid mediated.