Dietary fibre in relation to lung function and respiratory symptoms from childhood to adulthood

Abstract

Background Epidemiological studies suggest beneficial associations between dietary fibre intake, lung function and chronic respiratory symptoms in adults. Our aim was to investigate the association between dietary fibre intake in childhood and respiratory health up to adulthood. Methods The individual fibre intake of 1956 participants from the Swedish population-based birth cohort BAMSE was estimated from 98- and 107-item food frequency questionnaires at ages 8 and 16 years, respectively. At 8, 16 and 24 years, lung function was measured by spirometry. Respiratory symptoms (cough, mucus production, breathing difficulties/wheeze) were assessed by questionnaires, and airway inflammation by exhaled nitric oxide fraction (FENO) (≥25 ppb) at 24 years. Longitudinal associations with lung function were analysed by mixed-effects linear regression; associations with respiratory symptoms and airway inflammation were analysed by logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders. Results There were no associations between fibre intake at 8 years, as total and from different sources, spirometry measurements and respiratory symptoms at 24 years. Higher fruit fibre intake tended to be inversely associated with airway inflammation at 24 years (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.48–1.00), which became non-significant after exclusion of participants with food-related allergic symptoms (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.49–1.10). No associations between fibre intake at 8 and 16 years as an updated lagged exposure and spirometry measurements up to 24 years were observed. Conclusion In this longitudinal study, we observed no consistent association between dietary fibre intake in childhood and lung function or respiratory symptoms up to adulthood. Further research on dietary fibre in relation to respiratory health across the life course is needed.