Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
Waleed Ibraham Ali Albakr
Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
Arun Vijay Subbarayalu
Quality Assurance Department, Deanship of Quality and Academic Accreditation, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
Cyril Cyrus
Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
Hend Ahmed Aljenaidi
Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
Lamees Ali Alayoobi
Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
Othman Al-Muhanna
Anaesthesia Department, College of Internal Medicine, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
Given the current state of COVID-19, it is crucial to reveal its evolving relationship with and effect on different body organ systems and their diseases. The severity and outcome of COVID-19 have a very complex relationship, especially to the vital organs including the kidney, either in their state of health or disease. Additionally, it is well known that diabetes affects the kidney, leading to diabetic nephropathy. The kidney is also affected by different pathological and immunopathological reactions with COVID-19 infection, leading to acute kidney injury. Therefore, this review intended to extract the recent advances, updates, and discoveries about the effects of COVID-19 on diabetic patients and the relationship between COVID-19 invasion and the diabetic kidney and to discuss the current state of knowledge that has not yet been proved or disproved, leading to numerous controversial issues in looking for the effect of COVID-19 associated with diabetes mellitus on the human kidney.
