Correlates of Psychological Distress Among Pakistani Adults During the COVID-19 Outbreak: Parallel and Serial Mediation Analyses

Farzana Ashraf; Gull Zareen; Gull Zareen; Aasia Nusrat; Amna Arif; Mark D. Griffiths

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.647821

Frontiers in Psychology (Mar 2021)

Correlates of Psychological Distress Among Pakistani Adults During the COVID-19 Outbreak: Parallel and Serial Mediation Analyses

Farzana Ashraf,
Gull Zareen,
Gull Zareen,
Aasia Nusrat,
Amna Arif,
Mark D. Griffiths

Affiliations

Farzana Ashraf: Department of Humanities, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore, Pakistan
Gull Zareen: Special Education Department, Government of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Gull Zareen: Laboratory of Psychology and Neurocognition, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
Aasia Nusrat: Department of Humanities, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore, Pakistan
Amna Arif: Department of Education, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
Mark D. Griffiths: Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.647821
Journal volume & issue: Vol. 12

Abstract

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Objective: The global outbreak of COVID-19 has greatly affected individual's lives around the world and resulted in various negative psychological consequences. During the pandemic, reflection on and attention to COVID-19 may help in dealing with its symptomology but frequent and persistent thoughts about the situation can be unhealthy. The present study examined the direct and indirect associations between obsession concerning COVID-19, psychological distress, life satisfaction, and meaning in life.Design: This mediation study presents a primary analysis of normative data collected after the initial outbreak of COVID-19 in Pakistan. Parametric bootstrapping was used to test the mediation models of subjective well-being, the extent of the effect, and meaning in life as parallel and serial mediators concerning the associations between COVID-19 obsession and psychological distress measures.Setting: A sample of 1,002 adults (45% men and 55% women) were recruited utilizing an online survey between April to May 2020. They were aged between 19 and 45 years (M = 24.30, SD = 7.29) and normalized on population characteristics.Results: Two out of three mediators in parallel mediation fully mediated the relationship between obsession and psychological distress (total effect = 0.443, SE = 0.050, p < 0.0001) illustrating that high-level obsessions were associated with low levels of satisfaction with life and presence of meaning in life and search for meaning in life. Psychological distress is likely to decrease in the presence of a high level of satisfaction with life and meaning. Moreover, satisfaction with life and search for meaning in life significantly mediated the association between COVID-19 obsession (z=-3.507, p < 0.0001 and z = −2.632, p < 0.001 respectively).Conclusion: The present study showed that life satisfaction and search for meaning in life may play a significant role in decreasing psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Published in Frontiers in Psychology

ISSN: 1664-1078 (Online)
Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.
Country of publisher: Switzerland
LCC subjects: Philosophy. Psychology. Religion: Psychology
Website: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology

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