The ethics of conducting observational tobacco research without providing treatment to people who use tobacco: a case example from South Africa

• Nothando Ngwenya,
• Janet Seeley,
• Mark Siedner,
• Nancy A Rigotti,
• Emily Wong,
• Gina Kruse,
• Thando Zulu,
• Hloniphile Ngubane,
• Krishna Reddy

Affiliations

Nothando Ngwenya

7 University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa

Janet Seeley

1 Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa

Mark Siedner

2 Departments of Clinical Research, Population Health and Data Science, Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Nancy A Rigotti

Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Emily Wong

2 Departments of Clinical Research, Population Health and Data Science, Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Gina Kruse

Tobacco Research and Treatment Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Thando Zulu

Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa

Hloniphile Ngubane

Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa

Krishna Reddy

Tobacco Research and Treatment Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA