Combinatory effects of Dipterocarpus alatus twig emulgel: Wound-restoring, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-infected mouse superficial wounds
Waranya Chatuphonprasert,
Nitima Tatiya-aphiradee,
Khaetthareeya Sutthanut,
Sutthiwan Thammawat,
Ploenthip Puthongking,
Naroeporn Nopwinyoowong,
Kanokwan Jarukamjorn
Affiliations
Waranya Chatuphonprasert
Division of Pre-clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44000, Thailand; Research Group for Pharmaceutical Activities of Natural Products Using Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (PANPB), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
Nitima Tatiya-aphiradee
Research Group for Pharmaceutical Activities of Natural Products Using Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (PANPB), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
Khaetthareeya Sutthanut
Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand
Sutthiwan Thammawat
Division of Pre-clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44000, Thailand
Ploenthip Puthongking
Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand
Naroeporn Nopwinyoowong
Research Group for Pharmaceutical Activities of Natural Products Using Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (PANPB), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
Kanokwan Jarukamjorn
Research Group for Pharmaceutical Activities of Natural Products Using Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (PANPB), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand; Corresponding author. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mitrapharb Road, Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand.
Dipterocarpus alatus has been used for the treatment of infectious skin diseases and ulcerative wounds in Thai traditional medicine. A major pathogen in human superficial skin infections is methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). This study determined the wound healing, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities of D. alatus twig emulgel against MRSA-infected mouse superficial skin wounds. Ethyl acetate-methanol crude extract of D. alatus twig was incorporated into emulgel at concentrations of 20 and 40 mg/g (D20 and D40) and its activity was compared to tetracycline emulgel (160 μg/g, Tetra). MRSA-infected superficial wounds demonstrated decreased skin barrier strength, increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and mast cell accumulation. Expression of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2), NF-κβ, TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 genes were induced after MRSA infection. Daily application of 100 μL of D20 or D40 for 9 days restored skin barrier strength and TEWL while reducing mast cell and MRSA numbers compared to the non-treated group (MRSA-NT). The wounds treated with D20 and D40 were entirely healed on day 9. Expression of TLR-2 and cytokine-related genes NF-κβ, TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 were normalized by treatment with either D20 or D40. Therefore, emulgel containing 20 to 40 mg/g ethyl acetate-methanol crude D. alatus twig extract is a good candidate for development as a topical formulation for MRSA-infected ulcerated wounds.
