Anticancer effects of silver nanoparticles encapsulated by Gloriosa superba (L.) leaf extracts in DLA tumor cells

Abstract

A unique green approach has been used to limit the toxicity of AgNPs to public health and environment using Gloriosa superba (L.) methanol leaf extract which has proven against DLA tumor cells. Uncapped AgNPs are toxic, but encapsulated AgNPs with active functional groups of colchicines of methanolic extract of G. superba leaf are not cytotoxic. Capping of AgNPs by methanolic extract of G. superba leaf confirmed with phytochemical screening, UV–visible, FTIR, TEM, DLS, zeta-potential and XRD analysis. Evaluating in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of AgNPs and methanol leaf extract was done. The leaf extract turns from yellowish brown to dark brown color by UV Visible spectroscopy, which indicates the presence of AgNPs. Stabilization and encapsulation of AgNPs by colchicines (alkaloid) was confirmed with FTIR spectra. Single crystalline nature of AgNPs was proved with XRD analysis and the zeta potential of AgNPs was found to be −27.0 mV. In vitro antitumor activity confirmed that, AgNPs were found to be the potential cytotoxic agent, with induced apoptotic activity to DLA tumor cells compared with methanol leaf extract. In vivo studies with increased average life span and normal hepatic cellular architecture by treating DLA induced Swiss albino mice with the ED50 values of 80 μg and 77 μg of G. superba leaf extract and AgNPs. In conclusion, the robustic outcome of this study would help to fabricate the herbal based nonmaterial's will reduce the toxicity of silver nanoparticles by the encapsulation of -CH2-, –CO –and –NH2– groups of G. superba leaf. Therefore, these findings will be helpful to find an optimistic new generation of silver nanoparticles based antitumor activities. Keywords: AgNP, TEM, XRD, Zeta, G.superba, DLA