An Engineering Platform for Clinical Application of Optogenetic Therapy in Retinal Degenerative Diseases

Abstract

Optogenetics is a new approach for controlling neural circuits with numerous applications in both basic and clinical science. In retinal degenerative diseases, the photoreceptors die, but inner retinal cells remain largely intact. By expressing light sensitive proteins in the remaining cells, optogenetics has the potential to offer a novel approach to restoring vision. In the past several years, optogenetics has advanced into an early clinical stage, and promising results have been reported. At the current stage, there is an urgent need to develop hardware and software for clinical training, testing, and rehabilitation in optogenetic therapy, which is beyond the capability of existing ophthalmic equipment. In this paper, we present an engineering platform consisting of hardware and software utilities, which allow clinicians to interactively work with patients to explore and assess their vision in optogenetic treatment, providing the basis for prosthetic design, customization, and prescription. This approach is also applicable to other therapies that utilize light activation of neurons, such as photoswitches.Clinical and Translational Impact Statement–The engineering platform allows clinicians to conduct training, testing, and rehabilitation in optogenetic gene therapy for retinal degenerative diseases, providing the basis for prosthetic design, customization, and prescription.

Keywords

• Clinical application
• neuroprosthesis
• optogenetic gene therapy
• photoswitches
• retinal degenerative diseases