International Journal of Nanomedicine (Oct 2023)
Arthrospira platensis Nanoparticles Mitigate Aging-Related Oxidative Injured Brain Induced by D-galactose in Rats Through Antioxidants, Anti-Inflammatory, and MAPK Pathways
Abstract
Heba I Ghamry,1,* Mustafa Shukry,2,* Mohamed A Kassab,3 Foad A Farrag,4 Nagi M El-Shafai,5 Enas Elgendy,6 Amany N Ibrahim,7 Salwa A Elgendy,7 Ali Behairy,7 Samah F Ibrahim,8 Florin Imbrea,9 Crista Florin,10 Mohamed Abdo,11,12 Inas A Ahmed,13 Marwa H Muhammad,14 Hala Anwer,14 Ahmed Abdeen15 1Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Home Economics, Faculty of Home Economics, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt; 3Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt; 4Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt; 5Nanotechnology Center, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt; 6Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt; 7Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt; 8Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia; 9Department of Biology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I” from Timișoara, Timisoara, 300645, Romania; 10Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I” from Timișoara, Timisoara, 300645, Romania; 11Department of Animal Histology and anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Egypt; 12Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt; 13Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt; 14Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt; 15Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Mustafa Shukry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt, Tel +20-10-20705320, Email [email protected] Crista Florin, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I” from Timișoara, Timisoara, Romania, Email [email protected]: Loss of normal function is an inevitable effect of aging. Several factors contribute to the aging process, including cellular senescence and oxidative stress.Methods: We investigate how Arthrospira platensis Nanoparticles (NSP) protect against aging injury induced by d-galactose (D-gal) in the rat. So, we subcutaneously (S/C) injected D-gal at 200 mg/kg BW to see if Arthrospira platensis Nanoparticles (NSP) might protect against the oxidative changes generated by D-gal. NSP (0.5 mg/kg body weight once daily by gastric gavage) was given to all groups apart from the control and D-gal groups. The d-gal + NSP group was supplemented with 200 mg of D-gal per kg BW once a day and NSP 0.5 mg/kg BW given orally for 45 days. Biochemical, mRNA expression, and histological investigations of brain tissues were used to evaluate the oxidative alterations caused by d-gal and the protective role of NSP.Results: Our data demonstrated that d-gal was causing significant reductions in relative brain and body weight with increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and redox oxygen species (ROS) levels and increases in serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and creatine phosphokinase isoenzyme BB (CPK-BB) with marked decreases in the level of antioxidant enzyme activity in the brain and acetylcholinesterase activity augmented with a phosphorylated H2A histone family member X (γ-H2AX) level increased. The D-gal group had considerably higher phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (P38MAPK) and C-Jun N-terminal (JNK) kinases. The d-gal administration stimulates the apoptotic gene expression by downregulating the brain superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2). The NSP administration saved these parameters in the direction of the control. The brain histopathologic and immunohistochemistry analysis findings support our findings on NSP’s protective role.Conclusion: The NSP may be a promising natural protective compound that can prevent aging and preserve health.Keywords: aging, antioxidants, MAPK, Nrf2, oxidative stress
