Association between ossific nucleus volume changes and postoperative avascular necrosis risk in children with developmental dysplasia of the hip

Abstract

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the correlation between ossific nucleus volume and avascular necrosis (AVN) in pediatric patients diagnosed with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Analyzing 211 cases, including 119 open reduction (OR) and 92 closed reduction (CR) procedures, we quantified ossific nucleus volume using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Categorizing the OR group based on ossific nucleus volume revealed no statistically significant difference in AVN incidence. Similarly, in the CR cohort, there was no significant discrepancy in AVN occurrence between subgroups with or without the ossific nucleus. Logistic regression in CR identified the international hip dysplasia institute (IHDI) grade as a significant AVN risk factor (p = 0.007). IHDI grades 3 and 4 exhibited a 6.94 times higher likelihood of AVN compared to grades 1 and 2. Across CR and OR, neither initial age nor ossific nucleus volume emerged as AVN risk factors. In conclusion, ossific nucleus volume does not pose a risk for AVN in DDH children undergoing CR or OR, emphasizing the clinical significance of IHDI grading in predicting AVN risk during CR and the importance of early intervention to prevent treatment delays.

Keywords

• Developmental dysplasia of the hip
• Avascular necrosis
• Ossific nucleus
• Closed reduction
• Open reduction