The Structure and Morphology of Galaxies during the Epoch of Reionization Revealed by JWST

Abstract

We analyze 347 galaxies at redshift 4 < z < 9.5 using JWST observations from the Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science (CEERS) program by simultaneously fitting a two-dimensional parametric model to the seven-filter Near Infrared Camera images to measure the overall structural parameters and quantify the global properties of the galaxies in the rest-frame optical band. Particular attention is devoted to deriving robust uncertainties that include, among other factors, the influence of cosmological surface brightness dimming and resolution effects. Using the global Sérsic index ( n < 1.5) and observed axial ratio ( q < 0.6) as a guide, we place a conservative lower limit of ∼45% on the incidence of galactic disks. Galaxies follow a relation between the rest-frame optical luminosity and effective radius in the redshift range 4 < z < 9.5, as well as separately over the intervals 4 < z < 5 and 5 ≤ z < 9.5, with a very similar slope but a marginally lower zero-point in the higher-redshift bin ( R _e = 0.69 ± 0.05 kpc) compared to the lower-redshift bin ( R _e = 0.91 ± 0.04 kpc). Within the limitations of the current sample size, we find no significant redshift evolution of n or R _e at these early epochs.

Keywords

• Early universe
• Galaxy formation
• Galaxy evolution
• High-redshift galaxies