A Review of the Emulsification Method for Alternative Fuels Used in Diesel Engines
Mohd Fadzli Hamid,
Yew Heng Teoh,
Mohamad Yusof Idroas,
Mazlan Mohamed,
Shukriwani Sa’ad,
Sharzali Che Mat,
Muhammad Khalil Abdullah,
Thanh Danh Le,
Heoy Geok How,
Huu Tho Nguyen
Affiliations
Mohd Fadzli Hamid
School of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Seri Ampangan, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
Yew Heng Teoh
School of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Seri Ampangan, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
Mohamad Yusof Idroas
School of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Seri Ampangan, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
Mazlan Mohamed
Advance Material Research Cluster, Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia
Shukriwani Sa’ad
Faculty of Computer, Media and Technology Management, University College TATI, Kijal 24000, Terengganu, Malaysia
Sharzali Che Mat
School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Mara, Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Kampus Permatang Pauh, Permatang Pauh 13500, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
Muhammad Khalil Abdullah
School of Material and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Seri Ampangan, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
Thanh Danh Le
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, 12 Nguyen Van Bao Street, Ward 4, Go Vap District, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
Heoy Geok How
Department of Engineering, School of Engineering, Computing and Built Environment, UOW Malaysia KDU Penang University College, 32 Jalan Anson, George Town 10400, Penang, Malaysia
Huu Tho Nguyen
Faculty of Engineering and Technology (FET), An Phu Dong Campus 2, Nguyen Tat Thanh University (NTTU), 1165 National Route 1A, An Phu Dong Ward, District 12, Ho Chi Minh City 729800, Vietnam
Diesel engines are one of the most popular reciprocating engines on the market today owing to their great thermal efficiency and dependability in energy conversion. Growing concerns about the depletion of fossil resources, fluctuating prices in the market, and environmental issues have prompted the search for renewable fuels with higher efficiencies compared with conventional fuels. Fuel derived from vegetable oils and animal fats has comparable characteristics to diesel fuel, but is renewable, despite being manufactured from various feedstocks. Nevertheless, the direct use of these fuels is strictly prohibited because it will result in many issues in the engine, affecting engine performance and durability, as well as emissions. To make biofuels as efficient as fossil fuels, it is essential to alter their characteristics. The use of emulsification techniques to obtain emulsified biofuels is one of the many ways to modify the fuel characteristics. Emulsification techniques allow for a decrease in viscosity and an increase in atomisation during injection. To date, emulsification techniques have been studied less thoroughly for use with vegetable oils and animal fats. This article will discuss the preparation and characterisation of emulsified biofuels made from vegetable oils and animal fats. This current paper reviewed research studies carried out on different emulsification techniques for biofuels used in diesel engines.
