Sovremennye Issledovaniâ Socialʹnyh Problem (Dec 2019)
SOCIAL CAPITAL NALCHIK DISTRICT IN THE EARLY XX CENTURY
Abstract
The purpose. The article explores the features of the development of social capital in the Nalchik district of the Terek region in 1905–1917. The author aims to disclose the features of the development of the public capital system of the Nalchik district by the example of the activities of public loan offices and credit partnerships, the analysis of these types of institutions is carried out taking into account the economic, territorial and ethnopolitical features of the district. Methods. The methodological basis of the study is a systematic approach, which involves the consideration of social capital as a structure consisting of two main systems (institutions), the identification of their characteristics and differences, as well as an analysis of the mechanism of their interaction with the financial system of the district. Each institution is considered as a separate socio-financial association, the totality of the funds of which were used to implement the economic functions of the district. For a more detailed study of the system of social capital, the method of economic analysis is used, based on the analysis of the constituent elements of financial and statistical data on the Kabardian public sum and credit partnerships. With the help of financial data analysis, a comparison is made with the overall balance indicators, which provides information on the entire state of social capital and the movement of funds within it for the period under review. The use of the above method underlies the systematic approach, which is first used in the study of research topics, which allows focusing on the concrete historical aspect of the problem under consideration. Article is prepared on the basis of materials from the Central State Archive of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic (f. I-6 “Management of the Nalchik District” and f. I-26 “Treasurer of the Kabardino Public Amount”). Results. During the research it was established that public lending institutions were created to satisfy the loan needs of the rural (peasant) population. The amounts that made up their capital are differentiated into: 1) owned by peasants, 2) issued by the government, 3) deposited. Particular attention is paid to the Kabardian public sum, as this was the first public capital institution in the district. The scope and status of credit partnerships in the Nalchik district are considered. The assumption is made that on the basis of the Kabardian public sum the first large national bank in the district could be created. It is shown that the transformation of the public sum into a bank was hindered by the incompleteness of the process of preparing the charter and the development of regulations for its activities. It is concluded that the most productive activity was the credit partnerships of the district, the reason for the growth of income and deposits in which was the need of rural producers for loans, as well as the support of the population, who actively invested their savings there. Scope of results – Results of this research can be used in educational process and research activities related to the study of the history of the economy and the cooperative movement in the North Caucasus region.
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