Overcoming Multidrug Resistance of Antibiotics via Nanodelivery Systems
Mohammad Imran,
Saurav Kumar Jha,
Nazeer Hasan,
Areeba Insaf,
Jitendra Shrestha,
Jesus Shrestha,
Hari Prasad Devkota,
Salman Khan,
Nisha Panth,
Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani,
Kamal Dua,
Philip M. Hansbro,
Keshav Raj Paudel,
Yousuf Mohammed
Affiliations
Mohammad Imran
Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
Saurav Kumar Jha
Department of Biomedicine, Health and Life Convergence Sciences, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Korea
Nazeer Hasan
Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
Areeba Insaf
Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110017, India
Jitendra Shrestha
College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Korea
Jesus Shrestha
School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia
Hari Prasad Devkota
Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
Salman Khan
Department of Public Health, School of Allied Health Sciences, Noida International University, Greater Noida 203201, India
Nisha Panth
Centre of Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney 2007, Australia
Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia
Kamal Dua
Centre of Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney 2007, Australia
Philip M. Hansbro
Centre of Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney 2007, Australia
Keshav Raj Paudel
Centre of Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney 2007, Australia
Yousuf Mohammed
Therapeutics Research Group, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4102, Australia
Antibiotic resistance has become a threat to microbial therapies nowadays. The conventional approaches possess several limitations to combat microbial infections. Therefore, to overcome such complications, novel drug delivery systems have gained pharmaceutical scientists’ interest. Significant findings have validated the effectiveness of novel drug delivery systems such as polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, metallic nanoparticles, dendrimers, and lipid-based nanoparticles against severe microbial infections and combating antimicrobial resistance. This review article comprises the specific mechanism of antibiotic resistance development in bacteria. In addition, the manuscript incorporated the advanced nanotechnological approaches with their mechanisms, including interaction with the bacterial cell wall, inhibition of biofilm formations, activation of innate and adaptive host immune response, generation of reactive oxygen species, and induction of intracellular effect to fight against antibiotic resistance. A section of this article demonstrated the findings related to the development of delivery systems. Lastly, the role of microfluidics in fighting antimicrobial resistance has been discussed. Overall, this review article is an amalgamation of various strategies to study the role of novel approaches and their mechanism to fight against the resistance developed to the antimicrobial therapies.
