Study and Evaluating the Physical and Chemical Properties of Clay of Injana Formation in Al-Anbar Governorate - Western Iraq for the Purposes Some Ceramic Industries.

Abstract

The clays of Injana formation are exposed in Al-Anbar Governorate-western Iraq. The aims of this study is evaluating the physical and chemical properties etc. and comparing the results with the standard specifications to indicate its suitability to ceramic industries. (13) mixtures were prepared differ from it by additions of different percent of sand and burn in four temperatures (850, 950, 1000, 1100) C° to show what is the best mixture and best burning temperature that lead to results close to standards specifications. The results of physical examinations are range between , Linear shrinkage (-0.5–0.92), Apparent porosity (11.1-35.7), efflorescence (nil to medium), compressive strength (16.1-30) Nt./mm2. The main oxides for study area are range between , SiO2 (36.15-45.10), Al2O3 (8.64-14.05), CaO (17.05-24.79), Fe2O3 (0-7.25), TiO2 (0.69-1.01), K2O (1.61-3.14), Na2O (0.32-2.11), SO3 (0.23-1.32) and Cl (0-0.47). The best burning temperature is 950C°. The engineering test results (Atterberg limit) shows that the clays of study area have super plasticity depending on classification of (Budinkov,1964), i.e. this clays can be formed and take on a plasticity suitable for ceramic industries. By comparing the results of physical properties of fired brick with the Iraqi standard specification No. 25 for year 1988, showing the clays of study area are suitable for brick industry with category class (A) Except the sample G5,G6 are failed for brick industry because using red sand that mixed with clay, which this sand contain the salts that failure the sample..

Keywords

• ceramic industries
• clays
• brick clays
• clastic of injana formation