Occlusal and Cephalometric Outcomes of Cleft Orthognathic Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Abstract

Abstract Objectives Aberrant facial growth in individuals affected by orofacial clefts can result in maxillary retrusion and class III malocclusion, with a proportion requiring surgical correction at cessation of growth. This study aimed to evaluate occlusal and cephalometric outcomes of combined orthodontic‐orthognathic treatment. Material and Methods Retrospective cohort study in a United Kingdom cleft center. Participants included twenty‐seven patients (20 males, 7 females) with cleft (n = 16 UCLP :7 BCLP :4 ICP) who consecutively underwent combined surgical treatment for Class III malocclusion between January 2013 and December 2017. Records were collected pre‐treatment (T0), pre‐surgery (T1) and at debond (T2). Models were scored using the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index and cephalometric radiographs were traced and analyzed. Outcomes were assessed by an independent rater. Results Mean age at surgery was 21.4 years (SD 4.9). Le Fort 1 advancement (mean 6.1 mm, SD 4.0) was performed in all cases. Additional procedures included mandibular setback (n = 2), cortico‐cancellous bone grafting (n = 6) and genioplasty (n = 1). Mean T0 PAR score was 44.8 (SD 11.7), reducing to 3.6 (SD 2.0) at T2, indicating a mean % PAR score reduction of 91.6% (SD 4.7). Class III skeletal profiles improved from a mean T0 ANB of −2.1º (SD 2.2), to 2.8º (SD 1.6) at T2. Mean T0 overjet was −3.3 mm (SD 2.3), increasing to 2.6 mm (SD 1.3) at T2. Conclusion Cleft orthognathic surgery differs in complexity and approach to routine orthognathics, however, these results demonstrate that occlusal outcomes can still be comparable with non‐cleft populations. Outcome data can be used for comparison with other centers providing cleft orthognathic treatment.

Keywords

• cleft
• occlusion
• orthodontics
• orthognathic surgery