Grinspan syndrome with periodontitis: Coincidence or correlation?

Abstract

Grinspan syndrome is a syndromic complex which comprises a triad of hypertension, diabetes, and oral lichen planus. It remains an enigmatic condition that whether it is separate entity or drug-induced lichenoid reaction emerging due to medications used to treat hypertension and diabetes. Diabetes is related to long-term hyperglycinemia leading to accelerated destruction of both nonmineralized connective tissue and bone leading to periodontitis. Moreover, there is also a possible link between cardiovascular disease and periodontitis. Here, we are presenting a case with the symptomatic triad fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of Grinspan syndrome. A 50-year-old female with type 2 diabetes mellitus and vascular hypertension came with the chief complaint of bleeding gums and severe burning sensation of the oral cavity. In addition, she was having generalized alveolar bone loss and clinical attachment loss. To the best of our knowledge, this coexistence has not been reported earlier. This needs further evaluation so that the preventive measures can be taken at early stage.

Keywords

• Alveolar bone loss
• diabetes mellitus
• hyperglycemia
• hypertension
• oral lichen planus