The Tetrel Bonds of Hypervalent Halogen Compounds

Abstract

The tetrel bond between PhXF2Y(TF3) (T = C and Si; X = Cl, Br, and I; Y = F and Cl) and the electron donor MCN (M = Li and Na) was investigated at the M06-2X/aug-cc-pVDZ level of theory. As the electronegativity of the halogen atom X increases, the strength of the tetrel bond also increases, but as the electronegativity of the halogen atom Y increases, the strength of the tetrel bond decreases. The magnitude of the interaction energy in most –CF3 complexes was found to be less than 10 kcal/mol, but to exceed 11 kcal/mol for PhClF2Cl(CF3)⋯NCNa. The tetrel bond is greatly enhanced when the –SiF3 group interacts with LiCN or NaCN, with the largest interaction energy approaching 100 kcal/mol and displaying a covalent Si⋯N interaction. Along with this enhancement, the Si⋯N distance was found to be less than the X–Si bond length, the –SiF3 group to be closer to the N atom, and in most –SiF3 systems, the X–Si–F angle to be less than 90°; the –SiF3 group therefore undergoes inversion and complete transfer in some systems.

Keywords

• tetrel bond
• σ-hole
• group transfer
• hypervalent halogen