Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Effectiveness of <i>Ocimum gratissimum</i> L. Essential Oil Against Multidrug-Resistant Isolates of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i>
Ramaiana Soares Melo,
Águida Maria Albuquerque Azevedo,
Antônio Mateus Gomes Pereira,
Renan Rhonalty Rocha,
Rafaela Mesquita Bastos Cavalcante,
Maria Nágila Carneiro Matos,
Pedro Henrique Ribeiro Lopes,
Geovany Amorim Gomes,
Tigressa Helena Soares Rodrigues,
Hélcio Silva dos Santos,
Izabelly Linhares Ponte,
Renata Albuquerque Costa,
Gabriel Sousa Brito,
Francisco Eduardo Aragão Catunda Júnior,
Victor Alves Carneiro
Affiliations
Ramaiana Soares Melo
Center of Bioprospection and Experimentation Molecular Applied (NUBEM), University Center INTA–UNINTA, Sobral, Ceará 62050-100, Brazil
Águida Maria Albuquerque Azevedo
Center of Bioprospection and Experimentation Molecular Applied (NUBEM), University Center INTA–UNINTA, Sobral, Ceará 62050-100, Brazil
Antônio Mateus Gomes Pereira
Center of Bioprospection and Experimentation Molecular Applied (NUBEM), University Center INTA–UNINTA, Sobral, Ceará 62050-100, Brazil
Renan Rhonalty Rocha
Laboratory of Biofilms and Antimicrobial Agents, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Ceará 62042-280, Brazil
Rafaela Mesquita Bastos Cavalcante
Laboratory of Biofilms and Antimicrobial Agents, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Ceará 62042-280, Brazil
Maria Nágila Carneiro Matos
Laboratory of Biofilms and Antimicrobial Agents, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Ceará 62042-280, Brazil
Pedro Henrique Ribeiro Lopes
Center of Exact Sciences and Technology, State University Vale do Acaraú, Sobral, Ceará 62040-370, Brazil
Geovany Amorim Gomes
Center of Exact Sciences and Technology, State University Vale do Acaraú, Sobral, Ceará 62040-370, Brazil
Tigressa Helena Soares Rodrigues
Center of Exact Sciences and Technology, State University Vale do Acaraú, Sobral, Ceará 62040-370, Brazil
Hélcio Silva dos Santos
Center of Exact Sciences and Technology, State University Vale do Acaraú, Sobral, Ceará 62040-370, Brazil
Izabelly Linhares Ponte
Pharmaceutical Coordinator of the Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Sobral, Sobral, Ceará 62010-550, Brazil
Renata Albuquerque Costa
Center of Bioprospection and Experimentation Molecular Applied (NUBEM), University Center INTA–UNINTA, Sobral, Ceará 62050-100, Brazil
Gabriel Sousa Brito
Center for Exact, Natural and Technological Sciences, State University of the Tocantina Region of Maranhão, Imperatriz, Maranhão 65901-480, Brazil
Francisco Eduardo Aragão Catunda Júnior
Center for Exact, Natural and Technological Sciences, State University of the Tocantina Region of Maranhão, Imperatriz, Maranhão 65901-480, Brazil
Victor Alves Carneiro
Center of Bioprospection and Experimentation Molecular Applied (NUBEM), University Center INTA–UNINTA, Sobral, Ceará 62050-100, Brazil
The study investigated the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil extract of Ocimum gratissimum L. (EOOG) against multiresistant microorganisms in planktonic and biofilm form. Hydrodistillation was used to obtain the EOOG, and the analysis of chemical composition was done by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and flame ionization detection (GC/FID). EOOG biological activity was verified against isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, using four strains for each species. The antibacterial action of EOOG was determined by disk diffusion, microdilution (MIC/MBC), growth curve under sub-MIC exposure, and the combinatorial activity with ciprofloxacin (CIP) and oxacillin (OXA) were determined by checkerboard assay. The EOOG antibiofilm action was performed against the established biofilm and analyzed by crystal violet, colony-forming unit count, and SEM analyses. EOOG yielded 1.66% w/w, with eugenol as the major component (74.83%). The MIC was 1000 µg/mL for the most tested strains. The growth curve showed a lag phase delay for both species, mainly S. aureus, and reduced the growth level of E. coli by half. The combination of EOOG with OXA and CIP led to an additive action for S. aureus. A significant reduction in biofilm biomass and cell viability was verified for S. aureus and E. coli. In conclusion, EOOG has relevant potential as a natural alternative to treat infections caused by multiresistant strains.
