Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Carbides and Nitrides (MXenes) for Water Purification and Antibacterial Applications
Inamullah Mahar,
Fida Hussain Memon,
Jae-Wook Lee,
Kyung Hwan Kim,
Rafique Ahmed,
Faheeda Soomro,
Faisal Rehman,
Ayaz Ali Memon,
Khalid Hussain Thebo,
Kyung Hyun Choi
Affiliations
Inamullah Mahar
National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry (NCEAC), University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76060, Sindh, Pakistan
Fida Hussain Memon
Department of Electrical Engineering, Sukkur IBA University, Sukkur 65200, Sindh, Pakistan
Jae-Wook Lee
Advanced Micro Mechatronics Lab., Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Korea
Kyung Hwan Kim
Advanced Micro Mechatronics Lab., Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Korea
Rafique Ahmed
Institute of Composite Science Innovation (InCSI), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China
Faheeda Soomro
Department of Linguistics and Human Sciences, Begum Nusrat Bhutto Women University, Sukkur 65200, Sindh, Pakistan
Faisal Rehman
Department of Mechatronics Engineering, College of EME, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Peshawar Road, Rawalpindi 43701, Punjab, Pakistan
Ayaz Ali Memon
National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry (NCEAC), University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76060, Sindh, Pakistan
Khalid Hussain Thebo
Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenyang 110016, China
Kyung Hyun Choi
Advanced Micro Mechatronics Lab., Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Korea
Two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, graphene oxide (GO), metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes), transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDS), boron nitride (BN), and layered double hydroxide (LDH) metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been widely investigated as potential candidates in various separation applications because of their high mechanical strength, large surface area, ideal chemical and thermal stability, simplicity, ease of functionalization, environmental comparability, and good antibacterial performance. Recently, MXene as a new member of the 2D polymer family has attracted significant attention in water purification, desalination, gas separation, antibacterial, and antifouling applications. Herein, we review the most recent progress in the fabrication, preparation, and modification methods of MXene-based lamellar membranes with the emphasis on applications for water purification and desalination. Moreover, the antibacterial properties of MXene-based membranes show a significant potential for commercial use in water purification. Thus, this review provides a directional guide for future development in this emerging technology.
