Fluid biomarkers for the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases

Abstract

In this review, we evaluate the role of fluid biomarkers related to neurodegenerative diseases. Such conditions present diagnostic challenges due to phenotypic heterogeneity, longitudinal evolution, overlap between diagnostic entities, and variability in progression. Biomarkers can potentially provide insight into diagnosis, progression, prognostication, and treatment efficacy. This review covers recent advances in fluid biomarkers including beta-amyloid, tau protein, neurofilament light chain, alpha-synuclein and glial fibrillary protein, and briefly touches upon imaging biomarkers. For each biomarker, we discuss the pathophysiological correlates, clinical uses, accuracy, and limitations.

Keywords

• Biomarkers
• Neurodegenerative Disease
• Alzheimer’s Disease
• Cerebrospinal Fluid
• Plasma
• Diagnosis