Comparative analysis of isoxazoline activity on human and canine GABA receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes

Abstract

Abstract Background Isoxazolines, including sarolaner, lotilaner, afoxolaner and fluralaner, are a class of ectoparasiticides that target gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors (GABARs) in insects and acari. However, their potential action on mammalian GABARs has not been extensively compared. Methods This study investigated the inhibitory effects of these isoxazolines on human and canine GABARs expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Eleven functional GABAR subunit combinations from human and canine isoforms were successfully cloned and expressed. Two-electrode voltage-clamp measurements were performed to determine the inhibitory effects of the isoxazolines. Results Sarolaner, afoxolaner and fluralaner exhibited partial to high inhibition of human and canine GABARs, with fluralaner showing the lowest half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values (1.9–13 µM). In contrast, lotilaner had little or no inhibitory effect, with IC50 values > 30 µM for both human and canine GABARs. Conclusions While neurological adverse events have been reported in dogs, particularly in breeds with the multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) gene mutation, this study suggests that direct inhibition of canine GABARs may not be the primary cause. However, the interpretation of these results represents a challenge, and a direct correlation with documented cases of adverse events remains difficult. Further research is needed to understand the exposure of mammalian GABARs to isoxazolines and the analog-specific safety risks associated with the observed in vitro receptor activities. Graphical Abstract

Keywords

• Isoxazoline
• Lotilaner
• Fluralaner
• Sarolaner
• Afoxolaner
• GABAR