Inhaled Treatments for Bronchial Asthma: Molecules and Devices

Abstract

Inhaled treatments for asthma involve the use of medications that are delivered directly to the lungs through inhalation. There are three family types of inhaled medications: muscarinic antagonists and β2 agonists, which are bronchodilators, and inhaled corticosteroids, which are anti-inflammatory drugs. Each of them has short- and long-acting molecules and can be found in monotherapy, double-fixed and triple-fixed combinations. There are several types of inhalation devices available to deliver these medications and combinations: metered-dose inhalers (MDIs), dry powder inhalers (DPIs), and nebulizers. Each device has its advantages and disadvantages. MDIs are the most commonly used inhalation devices and require a proper inhalation technique to ensure the medication reaches the lungs. DPIs do not require coordination between inhalation and actuation and are easy to use but may not be suitable for all patients. Nebulizers are generally reserved for patients who have difficulty using MDIs or DPIs and will not be discussed in this article.

Keywords

• Anticholinergics. Asthma. β2 agonist. Dry-powder inhaler. Inhaled corticosteroid. Metered-dose inhalers.