Concentrations and Sources of Gasses in Soil of Al-Najaf Petroleum Refinery, Middle Iraq

Abstract

The Al-Najaf thermal fuel refinery station emits various pollutants into the air due to burning fuel including fumes and gases, all contributing to soil contamination with heavy metals. The primary sources of pollution from fuel combustion are particles, a mixture of solid and liquid droplets released primarily from fuel combustion. Other significant sources of pollution include sulfur dioxide gas and its effects on the atmosphere, nitrogen dioxide waste from fuel combustion and oil refining, and particles. The study uses statistical analysis methods to determine the extent of the impact of gases on the soil of the Najaf petroleum refinery. To achieve this, we measured the concentrations of 18 gas samples and then employed factors analysis and correlation matrix analysis as statistical methods. Only two approaches were used in this study. According to previous studies, statistical research provides the sources of contamination or pollution. There were two sources of pollution: the first was from the results of the refinery, and the second was from the use of pesticides. The pollution level was low after comparing the gas concentrations to global limits, except for the percentage of phosphine gas, which was higher than the international limit.