The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series (Jan 2024)
The California Legacy Survey. V. Chromospheric Activity Cycles in Main-sequence Stars
- Howard Isaacson,
- Andrew W. Howard,
- Benjamin Fulton,
- Erik A. Petigura,
- Lauren M. Weiss,
- Stephen R. Kane,
- Brad Carter,
- Corey Beard,
- Steven Giacalone,
- Judah Van Zandt,
- Joseph M. Akana Murphy,
- Fei Dai,
- Ashley Chontos,
- Alex S. Polanski,
- Malena Rice,
- Jack Lubin,
- Casey Brinkman,
- Ryan A. Rubenzahl,
- Sarah Blunt,
- Samuel W. Yee,
- Mason G. MacDougall,
- Paul A. Dalba,
- Dakotah Tyler,
- Aida Behmard,
- Isabel Angelo,
- Daria Pidhorodetska,
- Andrew W. Mayo,
- Rae Holcomb,
- Emma V. Turtelboom,
- Michelle L. Hill,
- Luke G. Bouma,
- Jingwen Zhang,
- Ian J. M. Crossfield,
- Nicholas Saunders
Affiliations
- Howard Isaacson
- ORCiD
- 501 Campbell Hall, University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA ; [email protected]; Centre for Astrophysics, University of Southern Queensland , Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
- Andrew W. Howard
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Benjamin Fulton
- ORCiD
- NASA Exoplanet Science Institute/IPAC, California Institute of Technology , MC 314-6, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Erik A. Petigura
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Lauren M. Weiss
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Stephen R. Kane
- ORCiD
- Centre for Astrophysics, University of Southern Queensland , Toowoomba, QLD, Australia; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California , Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Brad Carter
- Centre for Astrophysics, University of Southern Queensland , Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
- Corey Beard
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Irvine , Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Steven Giacalone
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Judah Van Zandt
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Joseph M. Akana Murphy
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Fei Dai
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology , 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Ashley Chontos
- ORCiD
- Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai‘i , 2680 Woodlawn Dr., Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University , 4 Ivy Ln., Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Alex S. Polanski
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Kansas , 1082 Malott, 1251 Wescoe Hall Dr., Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Malena Rice
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, Yale University , New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Jack Lubin
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Irvine , Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Casey Brinkman
- ORCiD
- Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai‘i , 2680 Woodlawn Dr., Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- Ryan A. Rubenzahl
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Sarah Blunt
- ORCiD
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University , Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Samuel W. Yee
- ORCiD
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University , 4 Ivy Ln., Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Mason G. MacDougall
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Paul A. Dalba
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Dakotah Tyler
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Aida Behmard
- Department of Astrophysics, American Museum of Natural History , 200 Central Park W., Manhattan, NY 10024, USA
- Isabel Angelo
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Daria Pidhorodetska
- ORCiD
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California , Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Andrew W. Mayo
- ORCiD
- 501 Campbell Hall, University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA ; [email protected]; Centre for Star and Planet Formation, Natural History Museum of Denmark & Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Øster Voldgade 5-7, DK-1350 Copenhagen K., Denmark
- Rae Holcomb
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Irvine , Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Emma V. Turtelboom
- ORCiD
- 501 Campbell Hall, University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA ; [email protected]
- Michelle L. Hill
- ORCiD
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California , Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Luke G. Bouma
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Jingwen Zhang
- ORCiD
- Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai‘i , 2680 Woodlawn Dr., Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- Ian J. M. Crossfield
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Kansas , 1082 Malott, 1251 Wescoe Hall Dr., Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Nicholas Saunders
- ORCiD
- Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai‘i , 2680 Woodlawn Dr., Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ad676c
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 274,
no. 2
p. 35
Abstract
We present optical spectroscopy of 710 solar neighborhood stars collected over 20 years to catalog chromospheric activity and search for stellar activity cycles. The California Legacy Survey stars are amenable to exoplanet detection using precise radial velocities, and we present their Ca ii H and K time series as a proxy for stellar and chromospheric activity. Using the High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer at Keck Observatory, we measured stellar flux in the cores of the Ca ii H and K lines to determine S -values on the Mount Wilson scale and the $\mathrm{log}({R}_{\mathrm{HK}}^{{\prime} })$ metric, which is comparable across a wide range of spectral types. From the 710 stars, with 52,372 observations, 285 stars were sufficiently sampled to search for stellar activity cycles with periods of 2–25 yr, and 138 stars showed stellar cycles of varying length and amplitude. S -values can be used to mitigate stellar activity in the detection and characterization of exoplanets. We used them to probe stellar dynamos and to place the Sun's magnetic activity into context among solar neighborhood stars. Using precise stellar parameters and time-averaged activity measurements, we found tightly constrained cycle periods as a function of stellar temperature between $\mathrm{log}({R}_{\mathrm{HK}}^{{\prime} })$ of −4.7 and −4.9, a range of activity in which nearly every star has a periodic cycle. These observations present the largest sample of spectroscopically determined stellar activity cycles to date.
Keywords
- Stellar astronomy
- Main sequence stars
- Time series analysis
- Stellar chromospheres
- Stellar activity
- Stellar evolution
