Strategies for improving the genome-editing efficiency of class 2 CRISPR/Cas system
Linli Wang,
Hongbing Han
Affiliations
Linli Wang
Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
Hongbing Han
Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Corresponding author. Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
Since its advent, gene-editing technology has been widely used in microorganisms, animals, plants, and other species. This technology shows remarkable application prospects, giving rise to a new biotechnological industry. In particular, third-generation gene editing technology, represented by the CRISPR/Cas9 system, has become the mainstream gene editing technology owing to its advantages of high efficiency, simple operation, and low cost. These systems can be widely used because they have been modified and optimized, leading to notable improvements in the efficiency of gene editing. This review introduces the characteristics of popular CRISPR/Cas systems and optimization methods aimed at improving the editing efficiency of class 2 CRISPR/Cas systems, providing a reference for the development of superior gene editing systems. Additionally, the review discusses the development and optimization of base editors, primer editors, gene activation and repression tools, as well as the advancement and refinement of compact systems such as IscB, TnpB, Fanzor, and Cas12f.
