PPAR Gamma Activators: Off-Target Against Glioma Cell Migration and Brain Invasion
Sebastian Seufert,
Roland Coras,
Christian Tränkle,
Darius P. Zlotos,
Ingmar Blümcke,
Lars Tatenhorst,
Michael T. Heneka,
Eric Hahnen
Affiliations
Sebastian Seufert
Institute of Human Genetics, Institute of Genetics, and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Kerpener Street 34, 50931 Cologne, Germany
Roland Coras
Institute of Neuropathology, University of Erlangen, Germany
Christian Tränkle
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
Darius P. Zlotos
Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
Ingmar Blümcke
Institute of Neuropathology, University of Erlangen, Germany
Lars Tatenhorst
Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
Michael T. Heneka
Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
Eric Hahnen
Institute of Human Genetics, Institute of Genetics, and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Kerpener Street 34, 50931 Cologne, Germany
Today, there is increasing evidence that PPARγ agonists, including thiazolidinediones (TDZs) and nonthiazolidinediones, block the motility and invasiveness of glioma cells and other highly migratory tumor entities. However, the mechanism(s) by which PPARγ activators mediate their antimigratory and anti-invasive properties remains elusive. This letter gives a short review on the debate and adds to the current knowledge by applying a PPARγ inactive derivative of the TDZ troglitazone (Rezulin) which potently counteracts experimental glioma progression in a PPARγ independent manner.
