Universidad Médica Pinareña (Jun 2021)
Ethiopathogenic factors influencing the development of basal cell carcinoma
Abstract
Introduction: basal cell carcinoma is a cutaneous neoplasm of high incidence, characterized by slow growth and low metastatic capacity. Objective: to describe the ethiopathogenic factors that influence on the onset of basal cell carcinoma. Methods: a search for information was carried out between November 2020 and January 2021 in PubMed, SciELO, ScienceDirect, Medigraphic and Scopus databases. A search strategy was employed by combining related terms using Boolean operators. Twenty-eight articles in Spanish and English were chosen. Development: ultraviolet radiation is considered to be the main determinant in the development of basal cell carcinoma, where ultraviolet radiation type A is the one with the highest incidence. Photo-types I and II are determined to be more prone to the development of the disease. There is a genetic basis that confers susceptibility for the development of basal cell carcinoma. Patients with certain degrees of immunosuppression either by disease or by habits such as alcoholism are prone to develop the disease. Conclusions: ultraviolet radiation, photo-type, genetic and immunological factors, heredity, consumption of substances such as arsenic, chlorophenols and immunosuppressive drugs, and exposure to ionizing radiation are ethiopathogenic factors that influence on the onset of basal cell carcinoma. Other factors such as poor access to preventive campaigns, health services and the media, as well as the increase in the population that does not make use of sun protection methods, may increase the risk of suffering from this disease.
