Clifford Odd and Even Objects in Even and Odd Dimensional Spaces Describing Internal Spaces of Fermion and Boson Fields

Abstract

In a long series of works, it has been demonstrated that the spin-charge-family theory, assuming a simple starting action in even dimensional spaces with d≥(13+1), with massless fermions interacting with gravity only, offers the explanation for all assumed properties of the second quantized fermion and boson fields in the standard model, as well as offering predictions and explanations for several of the observed phenomena. The description of the internal spaces of the fermion and boson fields by the Clifford odd and even objects, respectively, justifies the choice of the simple starting action of the spin-charge-family theory. The main topic of the present article is the analysis of the properties of the internal spaces of the fermion and boson fields in odd dimensional spaces, d=(2n+1), which can again be described by the Clifford odd and even objects, respectively. It turns out that the properties of fermion and boson fields differ essentially from their properties in even dimensional spaces, resembling the ghosts needed when looking for final solutions with Feynman diagrams.

Keywords

• second quantization of fermion and boson fields with Clifford algebra
• beyond the standard model
• Kaluza–Klein-like theories in higher dimensional spaces
• Clifford algebra in odd dimensional spaces
• ghosts in quantum field theories