Signaling pathways and intervention for therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Rong Cao,
Huimin Tian,
Yu Zhang,
Geng Liu,
Haixia Xu,
Guocheng Rao,
Yan Tian,
Xianghui Fu
Affiliations
Rong Cao
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy Chengdu Sichuan China
Huimin Tian
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Medical School, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
Yu Zhang
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Medical School, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
Geng Liu
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy Chengdu Sichuan China
Haixia Xu
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy Chengdu Sichuan China
Guocheng Rao
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Medical School, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
Yan Tian
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy Chengdu Sichuan China
Xianghui Fu
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy Chengdu Sichuan China
Abstract Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents one of the fastest growing epidemic metabolic disorders worldwide and is a strong contributor for a broad range of comorbidities, including vascular, visual, neurological, kidney, and liver diseases. Moreover, recent data suggest a mutual interplay between T2DM and Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19). T2DM is characterized by insulin resistance (IR) and pancreatic β cell dysfunction. Pioneering discoveries throughout the past few decades have established notable links between signaling pathways and T2DM pathogenesis and therapy. Importantly, a number of signaling pathways substantially control the advancement of core pathological changes in T2DM, including IR and β cell dysfunction, as well as additional pathogenic disturbances. Accordingly, an improved understanding of these signaling pathways sheds light on tractable targets and strategies for developing and repurposing critical therapies to treat T2DM and its complications. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the history of T2DM and signaling pathways, and offer a systematic update on the role and mechanism of key signaling pathways underlying the onset, development, and progression of T2DM. In this content, we also summarize current therapeutic drugs/agents associated with signaling pathways for the treatment of T2DM and its complications, and discuss some implications and directions to the future of this field.
