Fusarium crown rot (FCR) is one of the most damaging cereal diseases in semi-arid regions worldwide. Genetic studies on FCR resistance have mainly focused on disease symptoms measured by the browning of either leaf sheaths in seedlings or stems of mature plants. Two major QTLs conferring FCR resistance in barley, Qcsr.cpi-1H and Qcrs.cpi-4H, were previously identified in the growth room. They could explain up to 33.4 and 45.3% of phenotypic variance, respectively. This is the first study where the possible effects of FCR-resistant loci identified in the previous studies based on seedling assay are tested for their abilities to reduce grain yield loss. Near isogenic lines (NILs) and backcross (BC) lines targeting these two loci were assessed in the 2017 and 2018 crop seasons. Results from the NILs showed that the presence of a resistance allele at either the 1HL or 4HL locus reduced grain yield loss by an average of 12.0% and 10.7%, respectively. Grain yields of the top BC lines containing resistance alleles at both loci were 34.4% higher than the average of the commercial varieties under FCR inoculation. These lines will be highly valuable in breeding barley varieties with enhanced resistance to FCR.
