The Astrophysical Journal Letters (Jan 2024)

The JWST Early Release Science Program for Direct Observations of Exoplanetary Systems. V. Do Self-consistent Atmospheric Models Represent JWST Spectra? A Showcase with VHS 1256–1257 b

  • Simon Petrus,
  • Niall Whiteford,
  • Polychronis Patapis,
  • Beth A. Biller,
  • Andrew Skemer,
  • Sasha Hinkley,
  • Genaro Suárez,
  • Paulina Palma-Bifani,
  • Caroline V. Morley,
  • Pascal Tremblin,
  • Benjamin Charnay,
  • Johanna M. Vos,
  • Jason J. Wang,
  • Jordan M. Stone,
  • Mickaël Bonnefoy,
  • Gaël Chauvin,
  • Brittany E. Miles,
  • Aarynn L. Carter,
  • Anna Lueber,
  • Christiane Helling,
  • Ben J. Sutlieff,
  • Markus Janson,
  • Eileen C. Gonzales,
  • Kielan K. W. Hoch,
  • Olivier Absil,
  • William O. Balmer,
  • Anthony Boccaletti,
  • Mariangela Bonavita,
  • Mark Booth,
  • Brendan P. Bowler,
  • Zackery W. Briesemeister,
  • Marta L. Bryan,
  • Per Calissendorff,
  • Faustine Cantalloube,
  • Christine H. Chen,
  • Elodie Choquet,
  • Valentin Christiaens,
  • Gabriele Cugno,
  • Thayne Currie,
  • Camilla Danielski,
  • Matthew De Furio,
  • Trent J. Dupuy,
  • Samuel M. Factor,
  • Jacqueline K. Faherty,
  • Michael P. Fitzgerald,
  • Jonathan J. Fortney,
  • Kyle Franson,
  • Julien H. Girard,
  • Carol A. Grady,
  • Thomas Henning,
  • Dean C. Hines,
  • Callie E. Hood,
  • Alex R. Howe,
  • Paul Kalas,
  • Jens Kammerer,
  • Grant M. Kennedy,
  • Matthew A. Kenworthy,
  • Pierre Kervella,
  • Minjae Kim,
  • Daniel Kitzmann,
  • Adam L. Kraus,
  • Masayuki Kuzuhara,
  • Pierre-Olivier Lagage,
  • Anne-Marie Lagrange,
  • Kellen Lawson,
  • Cecilia Lazzoni,
  • Jarron M. Leisenring,
  • Ben W. P. Lew,
  • Michael C. Liu,
  • Pengyu Liu,
  • Jorge Llop-Sayson,
  • James P. Lloyd,
  • Bruce Macintosh,
  • Mathilde Mâlin,
  • Elena Manjavacas,
  • Sebastián Marino,
  • Mark S. Marley,
  • Christian Marois,
  • Raquel A. Martinez,
  • Elisabeth C. Matthews,
  • Brenda C. Matthews,
  • Dimitri Mawet,
  • Johan Mazoyer,
  • Michael W. McElwain,
  • Stanimir Metchev,
  • Michael R. Meyer,
  • Maxwell A. Millar-Blanchaer,
  • Paul Mollière,
  • Sarah E. Moran,
  • Sagnick Mukherjee,
  • Eric Pantin,
  • Marshall D. Perrin,
  • Laurent Pueyo,
  • Sascha P. Quanz,
  • Andreas Quirrenbach,
  • Shrishmoy Ray,
  • Isabel Rebollido,
  • Jea Adams Redai,
  • Bin B. Ren,
  • Emily Rickman,
  • Steph Sallum,
  • Matthias Samland,
  • Benjamin Sargent,
  • Joshua E. Schlieder,
  • Karl R. Stapelfeldt,
  • Motohide Tamura,
  • Xianyu Tan,
  • Christopher A. Theissen,
  • Taichi Uyama,
  • Malavika Vasist,
  • Arthur Vigan,
  • Kevin Wagner,
  • Kimberly Ward-Duong,
  • Schuyler G. Wolff,
  • Kadin Worthen,
  • Mark C. Wyatt,
  • Marie Ygouf,
  • Alice Zurlo,
  • Xi Zhang,
  • Keming Zhang,
  • Zhoujian Zhang,
  • Yifan Zhou

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad3e7c
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 966, no. 1
p. L11

Abstract

Read online

The unprecedented medium-resolution ( R _λ ∼ 1500–3500) near- and mid-infrared (1–18 μ m) spectrum provided by JWST for the young (140 ± 20 Myr) low-mass (12–20 M _Jup ) L–T transition (L7) companion VHS 1256 b gives access to a catalog of molecular absorptions. In this study, we present a comprehensive analysis of this data set utilizing a forward-modeling approach applying our Bayesian framework, ForMoSA . We explore five distinct atmospheric models to assess their performance in estimating key atmospheric parameters: T _eff , log( g ), [M/H], C/O, γ , f _sed , and R . Our findings reveal that each parameter’s estimate is significantly influenced by factors such as the wavelength range considered and the model chosen for the fit. This is attributed to systematic errors in the models and their challenges in accurately replicating the complex atmospheric structure of VHS 1256 b, notably the complexity of its clouds and dust distribution. To propagate the impact of these systematic uncertainties on our atmospheric property estimates, we introduce innovative fitting methodologies based on independent fits performed on different spectral windows. We finally derived a T _eff consistent with the spectral type of the target, considering its young age, which is confirmed by our estimate of log( g ). Despite the exceptional data quality, attaining robust estimates for chemical abundances [M/H] and C/O, often employed as indicators of formation history, remains challenging. Nevertheless, the pioneering case of JWST’s data for VHS 1256 b has paved the way for future acquisitions of substellar spectra that will be systematically analyzed to directly compare the properties of these objects and correct the systematics in the models.

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