ARDS from miliary tuberculosis successfully treated with ECMO

Abstract

Tuberculosis is a rare cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and mortality rates are high in tuberculosis patients that need treatment with mechanical ventilation. Experience of the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in such circumstances is scarce. We report the case of an 18 year old man where prolonged therapy (50 days) with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) allowed extensive lung damage from miliary tuberculosis to heal. The case reflects how challenging the diagnosis of tuberculosis may be and how difficult it is to reach adequate blood levels of anti-tuberculosis drugs while on ECMO. It's also an example of how indications for ECMO have been expanding the last years and that long term ECMO therapy is possible without serious complications. Keywords: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), Tuberculosis, Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), Critical care, Antitubercular agents