Zhongguo dizhi zaihai yu fangzhi xuebao (Jun 2022)
Spatial-temporal distribution characteristics and influencing factors of geological disasters in the open-pit mining area of western Fushun,Liaoning Province
Abstract
Fushun west open-pit mine, which has a history of 100 years of mining, entered the pit-closing period. Due to the exploitation of resources, the west open-pit mine was threatened by geological disasters for a long time. In order to summarize the occurrence regularity of geological disasters in the west open-pit mine, ensure the safety of production and life in the mining area and near-mining city, and provide reference cases for disaster analysis and safety protection of other similar open-pit mines, the distribution law and influencing factors of landslides and ground fissures in west open-pit mine are studied and analyzed from time and space scale, based on the DPSR model, the corresponding measures of chain break disaster reduction and safety protection are put forward from three aspects: driving force response, pressure response and state response. Spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of landslide: in space, it first appeared in the western part of the southern slope in 1927. In recent hundred years, due to the driving influence of open-pit mining and underground mining, the main location of landslide developed from the western part of the southern slope to the western part of the northern slope, the western part of the northern slope, the central part of the northern slope and the eastern part of the northern slope. In recent years, large-scale rock slope sliding deformation occurred in the southern slope. Actually, from 1970 to 2000, landslide disasters occurred most frequently. After 2000, the frequency of landslide disasters decreased, and most of them occurred from May to September. Spatial-temporal distribution of ground fissures: the ground fissures near the north slope appeared after 1960, and accelerated in 1970s and 1980s, with the strike basically consistent with that of F1 and F1A faults; the ground fissures in the southern slope are distributed in the rear edge of the huge slip deformation body in the southern slope, which are arc-fan shaped and appeared in 2009 and developed rapidly after 2012. Through the analysis of disaster influencing factors, it is found that there is a chain relationship of homology and mutual causality between landslides and ground fissures, and the main factors affecting the occurrence of geological disasters in mining areas are geological structure and control of unfavorable engineering geological environment, driving of mining activities and inducing of rainfall.
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