An enhancement of energy transport and mass in hybrid nanofluid under magnetic field and temperature and mass concentration gradients

Abstract

The transfer mechanism in fluid over a convectively and heated boundary with the consideration of Buoyancy and porous medium forces, Joule heating, viscous dissipation, temperature and concentration gradient and dispersion of nanoparticles is modeled. The related models are solved using finite element method (FEM). The convergent and mesh-free solutions are obtained. The dynamics of parameters on the flow fields are noted and displayed in the form of graphical and numerical data. Heat transfer rate can be increased by establishing temperature gradient whereas heat transfer can be increased by the compositional gradient. Flow over vertical boundaries experiences significant Buoyant force. Therefore, Buoyant force must be considered for vertical flows. The finite element solutions converge more faster than the solution obtained by the shooting method. Flow experience retardation due to Lorentz and porous medium forces. Thus flow can be controlled by applying an external magnetic field. The heat and mass transfer can be enhanced by the dispersion of nanoparticles in the fluid. Mass flux can be increased by establishing temperature gradient whereas heat transfer can be accelerated by the compositional gradient.

Keywords

• Temperature gradient
• Concentration gradient
• Porous medium
• MHD boundary Layer flow
• Mixed convection
• Nano-particles