First-Pass Metabolism of Polyphenols from Selected Berries: A High-Throughput Bioanalytical Approach
Francisco J. Olivas-Aguirre,
Sandra Mendoza,
Emilio Alvarez-Parrilla,
Gustavo A. Gonzalez-Aguilar,
Monica A. Villegas-Ochoa,
Jael T.J. Quintero-Vargas,
Abraham Wall-Medrano
Affiliations
Francisco J. Olivas-Aguirre
Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Sonora (Campus Cajeme), Blvd Bordo Nuevo s/n, Ejido Providencia, Cd, Obregón 85199, Mexico
Sandra Mendoza
Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos (PROPAC), Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas s/n, Santiago de Querétaro 76010, Mexico
Emilio Alvarez-Parrilla
Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Mexico
Gustavo A. Gonzalez-Aguilar
Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Carretera a Ejido La Victoria, Km. 0.6, Hermosillo 83304, Mexico
Monica A. Villegas-Ochoa
Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Carretera a Ejido La Victoria, Km. 0.6, Hermosillo 83304, Mexico
Jael T.J. Quintero-Vargas
Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Sonora (Campus Cajeme), Blvd Bordo Nuevo s/n, Ejido Providencia, Cd, Obregón 85199, Mexico
Abraham Wall-Medrano
Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Mexico
Small berries are rich in polyphenols whose first-pass metabolism may alter their ultimate physiological effects. The antioxidant capacity and polyphenol profile of three freeze-dried berries (blackberry, raspberry, Red Globe grape) were measured and their apparent permeability (Papp) and first-pass biotransformation were tracked with an ex vivo bioanalytical system [everted gut sac (rat) + three detection methods: spectrophotometry, HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV)]. Total polyphenol (ratio 0.07-0.14-1.0) and molecular diversity (anthocyanins > flavan-3-ols), antioxidant capacity (DPPH, FRAP), anodic current maxima and Papp (efflux> uptake) were in the following order: blackberry > raspberry > Red Globe grape. Epicatechin, pelargonidin & cyanin (all), callistephin (raspberry/blackberry), catechin (grape), cyanidin glycosides (blackberry) and their derived metabolites [quinic acid, epicatechin, cyanidin/malvidin glucosides, and chlorogenic/caffeic acids] were fruit-specific and concentration-dependent. Time-trend DPV kinetic data revealed concurrent epithelial permeability & biotransformation processes. Regular permeability and high-biotransformation of berry polyphenols suggest fruit-specific health effects apparently at the intestinal level.
