Evidence for an extended critical fluctuation region above the polar ordering transition in LiOsO_{3}

Abstract

Metallic LiOsO_{3} undergoes a continuous ferroelectric-like structural phase transition below T_{c}=140K to realize a polar metal. To understand the microscopic interactions that drive this transition, we study its critical behavior above T_{c} via electromechanical coupling—distortions of the lattice induced by short-range dipole-dipole correlations arising from Li off-center displacements. By mapping the full angular distribution of second harmonic electric-quadrupole radiation from LiOsO_{3} and performing a simplified hyper-polarizable bond model analysis, we uncover subtle symmetry-preserving lattice distortions over a broad temperature range extending from T_{c} up to around 230 K, characterized by nonuniform changes in the short and long Li-O bond lengths. Such an extended region of critical fluctuations may explain anomalous features reported in specific heat and Raman scattering data and suggests the presence of competing interactions that are not accounted for in existing theoretical treatments. More broadly, our results showcase how electromechanical effects serve as a probe of critical behavior near inversion symmetry-breaking transitions in metals.