WAYS OF CREATING RATIONAL AGROCHENOSIS OF WINTER WHEAT FOR THE FOOTHILL AREA CONDITIONS OF THE CENTRAL CAUCASUS

Abstract

With the development of intensive farming, the productivity of agrocenoses began to increase, while at the same time a decrease in their stability was observed. Agrocenoses are not capable of self-regulation and self-renewal and, to a greater extent, are in danger of failure during the mass reproduction of pests or pathogens. An important role in the rational use of natural resources is played by the structure of crop rotations, which, in turn, depends on the characteristics of the soil and climatic conditions of the region, the adaptive properties of cultivated species and the genetic diversity of varieties. It is possible to increase the sustainability and productivity of agrocenoses by applying adaptive agroecological macroand microzonation of cultivated species, the use of adapted varieties, mosaic design of agrocenoses. The article presents the results of many years of research into improving the adaptive properties of winter wheat varieties for the conditions of the foothill area of the Central Caucasus. For a comprehensive assessment of varieties compliance with the conditions of cultivation, such characteristics as plasticity and stability of the variety were used. As an indicator of ontogenetic adaptability, homeostaticity of plants were used. More than 30 varieties of winter wheat were studied using the parameters of productivity and resistance to a harmful complex of diseases, which are represented by: Fusarium head blight, brown and yellow rusts, Septoria blight, pyrenophoresis, etc.

Keywords

• winter wheat
• variety
• agrocenosis
• spike fusarium
• productivity
• homeostasis
• environmental plasticity
• variety mixtures