The Astrophysical Journal (Jan 2024)
X-Ray and Multiwavelength Polarization of Mrk 501 from 2022 to 2023
- Chien-Ting J. Chen,
- Ioannis Liodakis,
- Riccardo Middei,
- Dawoon E. Kim,
- Laura Di Gesu,
- Alessandro Di Marco,
- Steven R. Ehlert,
- Manel Errando,
- Michela Negro,
- Svetlana G. Jorstad,
- Alan P. Marscher,
- Kinwah Wu,
- Iván Agudo,
- Juri Poutanen,
- Tsunefumi Mizuno,
- Pouya M. Kouch,
- Elina Lindfors,
- George A. Borman,
- Tatiana S. Grishina,
- Evgenia N. Kopatskaya,
- Elena G. Larionova,
- Daria A. Morozova,
- Sergey S. Savchenko,
- Ivan S. Troitsky,
- Yulia V. Troitskaya,
- Andrey A. Vasilyev,
- Alexey V. Zhovtan,
- Francisco José Aceituno,
- Giacomo Bonnoli,
- Víctor Casanova,
- Juan Escudero,
- Beatriz Agís-González,
- César Husillos,
- Jorge Otero Santos,
- Alfredo Sota,
- Vilppu Piirola,
- Ioannis Myserlis,
- Emmanouil Angelakis,
- Alexander Kraus,
- Mark Gurwell,
- Garrett Keating,
- Ramprasad Rao,
- Sincheol Kang,
- Sang-Sung Lee,
- Sang-Hyun Kim,
- Whee Yeon Cheong,
- Hyeon-Woo Jeong,
- Chanwoo Song,
- Andrei V. Berdyugin,
- Masato Kagitani,
- Vadim Kravtsov,
- Anagha P. Nitindala,
- Takeshi Sakanoi,
- Ryo Imazawa,
- Mahito Sasada,
- Yasushi Fukazawa,
- Koji S. Kawabata,
- Makoto Uemura,
- Tatsuya Nakaoka,
- Hiroshi Akitaya,
- Carolina Casadio,
- Albrecht Sievers,
- Lucio Angelo Antonelli,
- Matteo Bachetti,
- Luca Baldini,
- Wayne H. Baumgartner,
- Ronaldo Bellazzini,
- Stefano Bianchi,
- Stephen D. Bongiorno,
- Raffaella Bonino,
- Alessandro Brez,
- Niccoló Bucciantini,
- Fiamma Capitanio,
- Simone Castellano,
- Elisabetta Cavazzuti,
- Stefano Ciprini,
- Enrico Costa,
- Alessandra De Rosa,
- Ettore Del Monte,
- Niccoló Di Lalla,
- Immacolata Donnarumma,
- Victor Doroshenko,
- Michal Dovčiak,
- Teruaki Enoto,
- Yuri Evangelista,
- Sergio Fabiani,
- Riccardo Ferrazzoli,
- Javier A. Garcia,
- Shuichi Gunji,
- Kiyoshi Hayashida,
- Jeremy Heyl,
- Wataru Iwakiri,
- Philip Kaaret,
- Vladimir Karas,
- Fabian Kislat,
- Takao Kitaguchi,
- Jeffery J. Kolodziejczak,
- Henric Krawczynski,
- Fabio La Monaca,
- Luca Latronico,
- Simone Maldera,
- Alberto Manfreda,
- Frédéric Marin,
- Andrea Marinucci,
- Herman L. Marshall,
- Francesco Massaro,
- Giorgio Matt,
- Ikuyuki Mitsuishi,
- Fabio Muleri,
- C.-Y. Ng,
- Stephen L. O’Dell,
- Nicola Omodei,
- Chiara Oppedisano,
- Alessandro Papitto,
- George G. Pavlov,
- Abel Lawrence Peirson,
- Matteo Perri,
- Melissa Pesce-Rollins,
- Pierre-Olivier Petrucci,
- Maura Pilia,
- Andrea Possenti,
- Simonetta Puccetti,
- Brian D. Ramsey,
- John Rankin,
- Ajay Ratheesh,
- Oliver J. Roberts,
- Roger W. Romani,
- Carmelo Sgró,
- Patrick Slane,
- Paolo Soffitta,
- Gloria Spandre,
- Douglas A. Swartz,
- Toru Tamagawa,
- Fabrizio Tavecchio,
- Roberto Taverna,
- Yuzuru Tawara,
- Allyn F. Tennant,
- Nicholas E. Thomas,
- Francesco Tombesi,
- Alessio Trois,
- Sergey S. Tsygankov,
- Roberto Turolla,
- Jacco Vink,
- Martin C. Weisskopf,
- Fei Xie,
- Silvia Zane
Affiliations
- Chien-Ting J. Chen
- ORCiD
- Science and Technology Institute, Universities Space Research Association , Huntsville, AL 35805, USA; Astrophysics Office, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center , ST12, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
- Ioannis Liodakis
- ORCiD
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center , Huntsville, AL 35812, USA; Institute of Astrophysics, Foundation for Research and Technology -Hellas, GR-70013 Heraklion, Greece
- Riccardo Middei
- ORCiD
- Space Science Data Center , Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy; INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , Via Frascati 33, 00040 Monte Porzio Catone (RM), Italy
- Dawoon E. Kim
- ORCiD
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali , Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza” , Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata” , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Laura Di Gesu
- ORCiD
- ASI - Agenzia Spaziale Italiana , Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Alessandro Di Marco
- ORCiD
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali , Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Steven R. Ehlert
- ORCiD
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center , Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
- Manel Errando
- ORCiD
- Physics Department and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Michela Negro
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- Svetlana G. Jorstad
- ORCiD
- Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University , 725 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab. , 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Alan P. Marscher
- ORCiD
- Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University , 725 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Kinwah Wu
- ORCiD
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London , Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
- Iván Agudo
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía–CSIC , Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008 Granada, Spain
- Juri Poutanen
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, 20014 University of Turku , Finland
- Tsunefumi Mizuno
- ORCiD
- Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University , 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Pouya M. Kouch
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, 20014 University of Turku , Finland; Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO, 20014 University of Turku , Finland; Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory , Metsähovintie 114, FI-02540 Kylmälä, Finland
- Elina Lindfors
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, 20014 University of Turku , Finland
- George A. Borman
- ORCiD
- Crimean Astrophysical Observatory RAS, P/O Nauchny, 298409, Crimea †
- Tatiana S. Grishina
- ORCiD
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab. , 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Evgenia N. Kopatskaya
- ORCiD
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab. , 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Elena G. Larionova
- ORCiD
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab. , 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Daria A. Morozova
- ORCiD
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab. , 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Sergey S. Savchenko
- ORCiD
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab. , 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; Pulkovo Observatory , St. Petersburg, 196140, Russia
- Ivan S. Troitsky
- ORCiD
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab. , 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Yulia V. Troitskaya
- ORCiD
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab. , 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Andrey A. Vasilyev
- ORCiD
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab. , 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Alexey V. Zhovtan
- Crimean Astrophysical Observatory RAS, P/O Nauchny, 298409, Crimea †
- Francisco José Aceituno
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía , IAA-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008 Granada, Spain
- Giacomo Bonnoli
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía , IAA-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008 Granada, Spain; INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera , Via E. Bianchi 46, 23807 Merate (LC), Italy
- Víctor Casanova
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía , IAA-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008 Granada, Spain
- Juan Escudero
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía , IAA-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008 Granada, Spain
- Beatriz Agís-González
- ORCiD
- Institute of Astrophysics, Foundation for Research and Technology -Hellas, GR-70013 Heraklion, Greece; Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía , IAA-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008 Granada, Spain
- César Husillos
- ORCiD
- Geological and Mining Institute of Spain (IGME-CSIC) , Calle Ríos Rosas 23, E-28003, Madrid, Spain
- Jorge Otero Santos
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía , IAA-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008 Granada, Spain
- Alfredo Sota
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía , IAA-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008 Granada, Spain
- Vilppu Piirola
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, 20014 University of Turku , Finland
- Ioannis Myserlis
- ORCiD
- Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique , Avenida Divina Pastora, 7, Local 20, E-18012 Granada, Spain; Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie , Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
- Emmanouil Angelakis
- Section of Astrophysics, Astronomy & Mechanics, Department of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Panepistimiopolis Zografos 15784, Greece
- Alexander Kraus
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie , Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
- Mark Gurwell
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics—Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Garrett Keating
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics—Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Ramprasad Rao
- Center for Astrophysics—Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Sincheol Kang
- ORCiD
- Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute , 776 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea
- Sang-Sung Lee
- ORCiD
- Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute , 776 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea; University of Science and Technology , Korea, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Sang-Hyun Kim
- ORCiD
- Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute , 776 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea; University of Science and Technology , Korea, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Whee Yeon Cheong
- ORCiD
- Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute , 776 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea; University of Science and Technology , Korea, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Hyeon-Woo Jeong
- ORCiD
- Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute , 776 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea; University of Science and Technology , Korea, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Chanwoo Song
- ORCiD
- Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute , 776 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea; University of Science and Technology , Korea, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Andrei V. Berdyugin
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, 20014 University of Turku , Finland
- Masato Kagitani
- Graduate School of Sciences, Tohoku University , Aoba-ku, 980-8578 Sendai, Japan
- Vadim Kravtsov
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, 20014 University of Turku , Finland
- Anagha P. Nitindala
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, 20014 University of Turku , Finland
- Takeshi Sakanoi
- Graduate School of Sciences, Tohoku University , Aoba-ku, 980-8578 Sendai, Japan
- Ryo Imazawa
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University Kagamiyama , 1-3-1 Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Mahito Sasada
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
- Yasushi Fukazawa
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University Kagamiyama , 1-3-1 Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan; Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama , Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan; Core Research for Energetic Universe (Core-U), Hiroshima University , 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Koji S. Kawabata
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University Kagamiyama , 1-3-1 Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan; Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama , Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan; Core Research for Energetic Universe (Core-U), Hiroshima University , 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Makoto Uemura
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University Kagamiyama , 1-3-1 Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan; Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama , Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan; Core Research for Energetic Universe (Core-U), Hiroshima University , 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Tatsuya Nakaoka
- Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama , Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Hiroshi Akitaya
- ORCiD
- Astronomy Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology 2-17-1 Tsudanuma , Narashino, Chiba 275-0016, Japan
- Carolina Casadio
- ORCiD
- Institute of Astrophysics , Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Voutes, 7110 Heraklion, Greece; Department of Physics, University of Crete , 70013, Heraklion, Greece
- Albrecht Sievers
- Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique , Avenida Divina Pastora, 7, Local 20, E-18012 Granada, Spain
- Lucio Angelo Antonelli
- ORCiD
- Space Science Data Center , Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy; INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone (RM), Italy
- Matteo Bachetti
- ORCiD
- INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari , Via della Scienza 5, 09047 Selargius (CA), Italy
- Luca Baldini
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá di Pisa , Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Wayne H. Baumgartner
- ORCiD
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center , Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
- Ronaldo Bellazzini
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Stefano Bianchi
- ORCiD
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Universitá degli Studi Roma Tre , Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Roma, Italy
- Stephen D. Bongiorno
- ORCiD
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center , Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
- Raffaella Bonino
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá degli Studi di Torino , Via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Alessandro Brez
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Niccoló Bucciantini
- ORCiD
- INAF Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri , Largo Enrico Fermi 5, 50125 Firenze, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universitá degli Studi di Firenze , Via Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Firenze, Via Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- Fiamma Capitanio
- ORCiD
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali , Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Simone Castellano
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Elisabetta Cavazzuti
- ORCiD
- ASI - Agenzia Spaziale Italiana , Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Stefano Ciprini
- ORCiD
- Space Science Data Center , Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Enrico Costa
- ORCiD
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali , Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Alessandra De Rosa
- ORCiD
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali , Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Ettore Del Monte
- ORCiD
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali , Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Niccoló Di Lalla
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Immacolata Donnarumma
- ORCiD
- ASI - Agenzia Spaziale Italiana , Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Victor Doroshenko
- ORCiD
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen , Sand 1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Michal Dovčiak
- ORCiD
- Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Boční II 1401/1, 14100 Praha 4, Czech Republic
- Teruaki Enoto
- ORCiD
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Yuri Evangelista
- ORCiD
- f, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Sergio Fabiani
- ORCiD
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali , Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Riccardo Ferrazzoli
- ORCiD
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali , Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Javier A. Garcia
- ORCiD
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Shuichi Gunji
- ORCiD
- Yamagata University ,1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata-shi 990-8560, Japan
- Kiyoshi Hayashida
- Osaka University , 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Jeremy Heyl
- ORCiD
- University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Wataru Iwakiri
- ORCiD
- International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University , Chiba 263-8522, Japan
- Philip Kaaret
- ORCiD
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center , Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
- Vladimir Karas
- ORCiD
- Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Boční II 1401/1, 14100 Praha 4, Czech Republic
- Fabian Kislat
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Space Science Center, University of New Hampshire , Durham, NH 03824, USA
- Takao Kitaguchi
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Jeffery J. Kolodziejczak
- ORCiD
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center , Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
- Henric Krawczynski
- ORCiD
- Physics Department and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Fabio La Monaca
- ORCiD
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali , Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata” , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza” , Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
- Luca Latronico
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Simone Maldera
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Alberto Manfreda
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Napoli, Strada Comunale Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Frédéric Marin
- ORCiD
- Université de Strasbourg , CNRS, Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg, UMR 7550, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Andrea Marinucci
- ORCiD
- ASI - Agenzia Spaziale Italiana , Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Herman L. Marshall
- ORCiD
- MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Francesco Massaro
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá degli Studi di Torino , Via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Giorgio Matt
- ORCiD
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Universitá degli Studi Roma Tre , Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Roma, Italy
- Ikuyuki Mitsuishi
- Graduate School of Science, Division of Particle and Astrophysical Science, Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Fabio Muleri
- ORCiD
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali , Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
- C.-Y. Ng
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- Stephen L. O’Dell
- ORCiD
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center , Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
- Nicola Omodei
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Chiara Oppedisano
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Alessandro Papitto
- ORCiD
- INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone (RM), Italy
- George G. Pavlov
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Abel Lawrence Peirson
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Matteo Perri
- ORCiD
- Space Science Data Center , Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy; INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone (RM), Italy
- Melissa Pesce-Rollins
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Pierre-Olivier Petrucci
- ORCiD
- Université Grenoble Alpes , CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Maura Pilia
- ORCiD
- INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari , Via della Scienza 5, 09047 Selargius (CA), Italy
- Andrea Possenti
- ORCiD
- INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari , Via della Scienza 5, 09047 Selargius (CA), Italy
- Simonetta Puccetti
- ORCiD
- Space Science Data Center , Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Brian D. Ramsey
- ORCiD
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center , Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
- John Rankin
- ORCiD
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali , Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Ajay Ratheesh
- ORCiD
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali , Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Oliver J. Roberts
- ORCiD
- Science and Technology Institute, Universities Space Research Association , Huntsville, AL 35805, USA
- Roger W. Romani
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Carmelo Sgró
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Patrick Slane
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics—Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Paolo Soffitta
- ORCiD
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali , Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Gloria Spandre
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Douglas A. Swartz
- ORCiD
- Science and Technology Institute, Universities Space Research Association , Huntsville, AL 35805, USA
- Toru Tamagawa
- ORCiD
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Fabrizio Tavecchio
- ORCiD
- INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera , Via E. Bianchi 46, 23807 Merate (LC), Italy
- Roberto Taverna
- ORCiD
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universitá degli Studi di Padova , Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Yuzuru Tawara
- Graduate School of Science, Division of Particle and Astrophysical Science, Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Allyn F. Tennant
- ORCiD
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center , Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
- Nicholas E. Thomas
- ORCiD
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center , Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
- Francesco Tombesi
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata” , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Alessio Trois
- ORCiD
- INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari , Via della Scienza 5, 09047 Selargius (CA), Italy
- Sergey S. Tsygankov
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, 20014 University of Turku , Finland
- Roberto Turolla
- ORCiD
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London , Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK; Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universitá degli Studi di Padova , Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Jacco Vink
- ORCiD
- Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy & GRAPPA, University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Martin C. Weisskopf
- ORCiD
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center , Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
- Fei Xie
- ORCiD
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali , Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy; Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University , Nanning 530004, People's Republic of China
- Silvia Zane
- ORCiD
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London , Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad63a1
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 974,
no. 1
p. 50
Abstract
We present multiwavelength polarization measurements of the luminous blazar Mrk 501 over a 14 month period. The 2–8 keV X-ray polarization was measured with the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) with six 100 ks observations spanning from 2022 March to 2023 April. Each IXPE observation was accompanied by simultaneous X-ray data from NuSTAR, Swift/XRT, and/or XMM-Newton. Complementary optical–infrared polarization measurements were also available in the B , V , R , I , and J bands, as were radio polarization measurements from 4.85 GHz to 225.5 GHz. Among the first five IXPE observations, we did not find significant variability in the X-ray polarization degree and angle with IXPE. However, the most recent sixth observation found an elevated polarization degree at >3 σ above the average of the other five observations. The optical and radio measurements show no apparent correlations with the X-ray polarization properties. Throughout the six IXPE observations, the X-ray polarization degree remained higher than, or similar to, the R -band optical polarization degree, which remained higher than the radio value. This is consistent with the energy-stratified shock scenario proposed to explain the first two IXPE observations, in which the polarized X-ray, optical, and radio emission arises from different regions.
Keywords
