Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences (Jun 2024)
A Review on the Use of Lipid Nanocarriers in Anti-Wrinkle Skin Products
Abstract
Functioning as the human body's most extensive organ, the skin exhibits an intricate, stratified architecture. This architecture consists of distinct layers: the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. Collectively, these layers play a crucial role in safeguarding the body and upholding its general well-being. The aging process of the skin is complex and is influenced by a wide range of internal and external factors. The loss of skin elasticity and firmness is a consequence of these factors, which ultimately contribute to signs of aging such as wrinkles, skin discoloration, and diminished radiance as people get older. A comprehensive understanding of these factors and their impact on the skin can lead to the development of more effective methods and products for skin care, capable of slowing down this process and improving skin quality. Recent advances in nanotechnology, driven by increasing consumer demand for beauty products, have prompted the development of novel methods of skincare that are aimed at minimizing the appearance of symptoms of aging. Therefore, nanotechnology in skin care has emerged as a recognized novel and effective approach that can provide efficient solutions for combating skin aging. Nano lipid carriers have been introduced as one of the key innovations in this field. These carriers can effectively enhance the penetration of active cosmetic and skincare ingredients through the branched layers of the epidermis, which serve as the main barrier to the penetration of substances into the skin. These nanocarriers enhance the stability of active ingredients present in cosmetic and skincare formulations. When it comes to cosmetics and skincare products, nano lipid carriers have several distinctive qualities that add to their potential to improve efficacy while simultaneously minimizing side effects. They facilitate controlled release and long-term diffusion of active ingredients, ensuring continuous and uniform distribution of active compounds in the skin. Hence, they improve the biocompatibility of ingredients, thereby reducing skin irritation and enhancing skin tolerance to active substances. A wide range of nanocarriers is utilized in the dermal delivery of cosmetic and skincare products. These include nanoemulsions, liposomes, lipid nanoparticles, ethosomes, niosomes, transferosomes, nanocrystals, as well as polymeric and mineral nanocarriers. Each of these nanocarriers exhibits specific properties and mechanisms of action that effectively improve the penetration and efficacy of active ingredients into the deeper layers of the skin. In the present article, various types of nano lipid carriers have been examined as effective vehicles for delivering active compounds into the skin layers, along with their mechanisms of action. Furthermore, the latest anti-aging and anti-wrinkle products containing these nanocarriers have been discussed. Scientific investigations have demonstrated that the use of nano lipid carriers in the formulation of anti-aging products can significantly improve skin rejuvenation and regeneration. These products, by enhancing the permeability and stability of active compounds, exhibit better efficacy in reducing wrinkles and fine lines, increasing skin firmness and elasticity. It is also anticipated that with further advancements in this field, more innovative products will be introduced to the market to meet diverse consumer needs.
