Gender-based differences of inflammatory, coagulation, and cardiac markers in COVID-19 patients in Erbil city
Zhikal Omar Khudhur,
Sonia Elia Ishaq,
Rebaz Hamza Salih,
Karzan Abdullah,
Dahat Hawezy,
Karwan Yasin Mohammed,
Goran Qadir Othman,
Shukur Wasman Smail
Affiliations
Zhikal Omar Khudhur
Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Education, Tishk International University - Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Sonia Elia Ishaq
Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University- Erbil, Iraq
Rebaz Hamza Salih
Ministry of Health, Kurdistan Regional Government. Erbil-Iraq
PAR Private Hospital, Kurdistan Regional Government. Erbil-Iraq
Karzan Abdullah
Ministry of Health, Kurdistan Regional Government. Erbil-Iraq
School of Medicine, University of Kurdistan Hewler, KRG, Iraq
Zanco Private Hospital, Kurdistan Regional Government. Erbil-Iraq
Dahat Hawezy
Department of Internal medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq
Karwan Yasin Mohammed
Rozhawa Emergency Hospital-Erbil, DOH-Erbil.
Erbil Emergency medicine Training Centre, Emergency Medicine program, Kurdistan Higher Council of Medical Specialties. Erbil-Iraq
Goran Qadir Othman
Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Erbil Health and Medical Technical College, Erbil Polytechnic University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region,
Iraq
Shukur Wasman Smail
Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University- Erbil, Iraq
Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Science, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
In December 2019, a new coronavirus disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) appeared in Wuhan city and quickly became a global health issue. COVID-19 causes various symptoms ranging from no symptoms to potentially deadly pneumonia. The study aimed to understand the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on immune response and the differences in inflammatory, coagulation, and cardiac biomarkers between male and female patients. Between June 1st and November 1st, 2020, 95 cases of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals were studied at Zanko Hospital. SARSCoV-2 infection was confirmed using the real-time RT-PCR technique. All cases were analyzed for clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory data. On average, the patients were 50.64 (SEM= 2.359) years old, with 61 males and 34 females. Thepatients had elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), which was 43.96 (SEM= 6.154), while the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was 50.50 (SEM= 5.498). The mean of D-Dimer, ferritin and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were 1.204 (SEM= 0.164), 534.7 (SEM= 61.48),and 366.6 (SEM= 36.81), respectively. There were no significant differences in the study's data mentioned above between male and female patients. In conclusion, inflammation is the most prominent symptom in COVID-19 patients, and males and females are nearly equally affected