ON THE QUESTION OF HEARING IMPAIRMENT IN PREMATURE CHILDREN WHO HAVE EXPERIENCED OXIDATIVE STRESS AT BIRTH

Abstract

Introduction. Hearing impairment (HI) occupies an important place among perinatal pathology. According to the WHO, the frequency of severe hearing impairment is observed in 1–2 per 1000 newborns and in 15% of newborns who required intensive therapy after birth. Mild and moderate HI occurs in 1–2% of children with perinatal pathology. The aim of the work is to study the predictors of hearing impairment and the factors that determine the severity of deafness in children aged 2–3 months who suffered oxidative stress at birth. Material and methods. 131 cases of observation of newborns of 27–36 weeks of gestation with HI in Communal nonprofit enterprise «City perinatal center» Kharkiv city council were analyzed. Children whose families had cases of HI were excluded from the study. During the observation, the audiological examination was carried out in the newborn period (primary examination) and at 2–3 months of age. To meet the aim of the work, alternative groups were formed: Group I (n=51) with unilateral and Group II (n=80) with bilateral hearing impairment. To determine the predictors of the severity of PS in the comparison groups, the factors determining deafness were studied, and their prognostic informativeness was established. The t-Student and φ-Fisher criteria were determined, the Wald-Henkin heterogeneous sequential procedure algorithm was used, predictive coefficients (PC) and informativeness (I) were determined. By decision of the Bioethics Commission № 3 dated March 21, 2023, the study materials comply with the Tokyo Declaration of the World Medical Association, the International Recommendations of the Helsinki Declaration on Human Rights, the Council of Europe Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine, the Laws of Ukraine, and the requirements of the Code of Ethics of a Doctor of Ukraine. The study was carried out within the framework of the scientific research work of the Department of Pediatrics № 3 and Neonatology of KhNMU «Study of peculiarities of the course of oxidant stress diseases in newborns» 2022– 2024 (state registration № А22U000025). Results. Factors of obstetric and somatic anamnesis of the mother did not influence the nature of HI in the child. Among the complications of pregnancy and childbirth in the anamnesis of children with bilateral HI, dysfunction of placenta was more often observed 33.8 and 13.7 % (р 21 days, PVL grade 2–3. In our study, no reliable relationship was found between the nature of the hearing impairment of a prematurely born child and the somatic and obstetric anamnesis of the mother. Gender characteristics among premature infants with bilateral HI were characterized by the predominance of the female gender, 56.2 and 35.3 % (р<0.001).

Keywords

• Preterm Infants; Hearing Impairment; Oxidative Stress