Bacteriological and physicochemical quality of drinking water in Kobo town, Northern Ethiopia

Abstract

Despite drinking water supply in Kobo town is from a borehole through pipes, a high incidence of waterborne diseases are frequently reported. Hence, this study aimed to assess the bacteriological and physicochemical drinking water quality in Kobo town. One hundred and twenty water samples were collected from four sampling sites (the source, reservoir, taps, and households' containers) from February to April 2020. Total and fecal coliforms were counted from the water samples using membrane filtration while selected physicochemical parameters were determined using standard methods. The mean counts of total and fecal coliforms ranged from 3.9 to 22.9 and 1 to 13.6 CFU/100 mL, respectively. Hence, all water samples did not satisfy the WHO guidelines and national standards. There were statistically significant differences in the coliform counts between the different sampling sites, and the counts were significantly higher in the taps and households' containers compared to the counts in the source and reservoir (p < 0.05). All physicochemical parameters, except for temperature, were within the recommended acceptable limits. High coliform count in the water system demands proper maintenance of the distribution line and good hygiene practices at household level to improve the microbiological quality of drinking water in Kobo town. HIGHLIGHTS Drinking water in Kobo town had high risk score.; Coliform counts in drinking water of Kobo town fail to comply with WHO standards.; Physicochemical water quality parameters in Kobo town comply with WHO standards.; Poor sanitation and water handling practices were observed in the community of Kobo town.; Preventing human activities around the water source and reservoir are highly recommended.;

Keywords

• bacteriological quality
• coliforms
• drinking water
• kobo town
• physicochemical parameters